1. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Explain the water solubility of carboxylic acids. Describe the reactions of carboxylic acids with metals, carbonates and bases.

2. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Structure of the carboxyl group

3. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Structures of methanoic and ethanoic acids

4. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Structure of 4-methylhexanoic acid

5. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Hydrogen bonds, strong dipole–dipole interactions

6. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Carboxylate ion

7. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Describe the esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst, and also of acid anhydrides with alcohols. Describe the hydrolysis of esters. State the uses of esters in perfumes and flavourings.

8. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Formation of the ester ethyl propanoate from a carboxylic acid

9. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original An acid anhydride is formed by removal of a molecule of water from two carboxylic acid molecules.

10. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Ethanoic anhydride reacts with methanol to make the ester methyl ethanoate

11. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Acid hydrolysis of propyl ethanoate

12. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl propanoate

13. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Wintergreen - ester methyl salicylate

14. Week 4 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Benzyl ethanoate