1. Brains vs. Brawn

2. A port on the Aegean Sea A major trade center Traded goods such as olive oil and grapes for wheat Developed a strong navy Had a city wall 7 ft. thick and 23 ft. tall protecting the city Developed the world’s first democracy Every male citizen over age 18 took part in government

3. Boys age 7-12 learned reading, writing, math, history, and music At age 18, males served 2 years in the military Girls were not allowed to go to school Attracted the best artists and scholars Developed new ideas about architecture, art, literature, philosophy, politics, and science.

4. Located in an inland valley 150 miles High mountains formed a natural wall protecting the city-state Disapproved of trade and contact with outsiders. Male citizens received a plot of land to farm, but also had to be soldiers. Had the strongest army in the ancient world

5. The only city-state that did not develop its own democratic government Had two kings, both army commanders, led the city-state. Only men born in Sparta could be citizens. Women were not citizens, but could own land. Only boys were educated—at age 7 they learned reading and writing, but the emphasis was on military and physical training.

6. Not famous for beautiful buildings or works of art. Did not believe in luxuries Sparta is remembered for its army.

7. Women, slaves, and men born outside the city were not citizens and were excluded from governments. Boys at age 7 went to school. Girls learned household chores from their mothers. Girls were often married at the age of 15.