1. The Rise of Nation-States

2. Reconquista “reconquest” – Christian effort to drive Muslims from Spain

3. Ferdinand and Isabella got married and this unified the country of Spain King Philip II expanded the size of the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere

4. Hundred Year’s War – conflict between England and France from 1337-1453 Cannon and longbow – 1 st time used in warfare Joan of Arc – led French to several victories, captured by English and burned at the stake for witchcraft on May 30, 1431

5. Problems of the Church Great Schism 1378-1417 division w/in the church because of the election of two popes Simony - selling of church offices

6. England William the Conqueror, leader of the Normand Conquest (1066), unified most of the country. Common Law had its beginnings during the reign of Henry II King John signed the Magna Charta, limiting the King’s power and giving more power to the people The Hundred Years War helped define England as a country.

7. France Hugh Capet established the French throne in Paris, his dynasty eventually controlled most of France Joan of Arc helped unite the French people The Hundred Years War helped define France as a country. Hugh Capet

8. Shield of Edward the Black Prince: http://www.geocities.com/scalaska1/bigshield2.html http://www.geocities.com/scalaska1/bigshield2.html Tunic: http://www.mwart.com/xq/ASP.productlg/pid.2066/qx/crusader-tunic-with-rope- belt.htmhttp://www.mwart.com/xq/ASP.productlg/pid.2066/qx/crusader-tunic-with-rope- belt.htm Map of First Crusade: http://alpha.montclair.edu/~lebelp/Millennium.htmlhttp://alpha.montclair.edu/~lebelp/Millennium.html Land Walls of Constantinople, recently restored to appear as they would have in 1204 A.D. http://www.geocities.com/egfrothos/FourthCrusade.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/egfrothos/FourthCrusade.html troubadour: http://www.der-troubadour.de/minnesaenger.htmhttp://www.der-troubadour.de/minnesaenger.htm Thomas Aquinas: http://www.der-troubadour.de/minnesaenger.htmhttp://www.der-troubadour.de/minnesaenger.htm Dante’s Inferno, Gluttons: http://www.vampyra.com/demons/glutton.htmhttp://www.vampyra.com/demons/glutton.htm Canterbury Tales: http://www.germanistik.fu- berlin.de/lehrangebote/anglistik_ps_ue.htmlhttp://www.germanistik.fu- berlin.de/lehrangebote/anglistik_ps_ue.html Black Plague: http://webs.wichita.edu/mschneegurt/biol103/lecture14/lecture14.htmlhttp://webs.wichita.edu/mschneegurt/biol103/lecture14/lecture14.html Romanesque: http://art-of-paris.ca/history3.htmlhttp://art-of-paris.ca/history3.html Reconquesta: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~izapa/Reconquest.htmlhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~izapa/Reconquest.html Joan of Arc: http://www.hcdb.k12.hi.us/Studentwork/Joan.htmlhttp://www.hcdb.k12.hi.us/Studentwork/Joan.html gothic cathedral: http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/arch/gothic_arch.html

9. Saladin: http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/sherwoodtimes/page5.htm Black Pepper from: Salt-n-Peppers Plus.com Ottoman Empire: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/ men of the city: http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/e ‑ album/lms.htm craftsmen: http://homepage.ntlworld.com/trevor.barker/farisles/guilds/armour/m ail.htm Battle of Hastings as depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry, the photo is from: http://www.imh.org/imh/kyhpl2a.html Ferdinand and Isabella: http://www.ignatiushistory.info/00133.html