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Great Depression/New Deal Vocabulary
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Black Tuesday October 29, 1929 when stock prices fell sharply in the Great Crash
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Bonus Army Group of WWI veterans who marched on Washington D.C. in 1932, to demand early payment of a bonus promised for them by Congress
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Deficit Spending Paying out more money from the annual federal budget than the government receives in revenues
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Dust Bowl Term used for the central and southern Great Plains in the 1930s when the region sustained a period of drought and dust storms
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Great Depression Period lasting from 1929 to 1941 in which the U.S. economy faltered and unemployment soared
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Hooverville Term used to describe a makeshift shantytowns set up by homeless people during the Great Depression
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Hawley-Smoot Tariff Highest import tax in history, passed by Congress in 1930
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Hundred Days Period at the start of Franklin Roosevelt’s presidency in 1933, when many New Deal programs were passed by Congress
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Closed Shops Workplace open only to union members
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Trickle down economics Economic theory that holds that money lent to banks and businesses will trickle down to consumers
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New Deal Programs and legislation enacted by Franklin D Roosevelt during the Great Depression to promote economic recovery and social reform
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Penny Auctions Farm auctions during the Great Depression at which neighbors saved each other’s property from foreclosure by bidding low
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Public Works Administration Agency that provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation Federal agency set up by Congress in 1932 to provide emergency government credit to banks, railroads and other lare businesses
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Social Security System 1935 law set up a pension system for retirees, established unemployment insurance, and created insurance for victims of work-related accidents; provided aid for poverty stricken mothers and children, the blind & the disabled
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Speculation Practice of making high-risk investments in hopes of obtaining large profits
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Court Packing FDR plan to add up to 6 new justices to the nine-member Supreme Court after the Court had ruled that some New Deal legislation was unconstitutional
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Wagner Act New Deal law that abolished unfair labor practices, recognized the right of employees to organize labor unions, and gave workers the right to collective bargaining.
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Second New Deal legislative activity launched begun by President Roosevelt in 1935 to solve problems created by the Great Depression
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Father Caughlin “radio Priest” who supported and then attacked President Roosevelt’s New Dal; prevented Catholic Church from broadcasting after he praised Hitler
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Dorthea Lange Photographed migrant farm workers during the Great Depression; inspired Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath
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Huey Long LA politician in 1930’s; suggested redistributing large fortunes by means of grants to families; assassinated 1935
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Frances Perkins The Secretary of Labor 1933-45 under Roosevelt; first woman Cabinet member
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Fair Labor Standards Act 1938 law that set a minimum wage, a maximum workweek of 44 hours and outlawed child labor
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The Grapes of Wrath Book about Dust Bowl victims who traveled to CA in search of a better life
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Tennessee Valley Authority Government agency that built damns in the Tennessee River valley to control flooding & generate electric power
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Fireside Chats Informal radio broadcasts in which FDR explained issues and New Deal programs to average Americans
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Civilian Conservation Corps New Deal program that provided young men with relief jobs on environmental conservation projects
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