1. The Science of Biology Chapter1

2. Chapter 1: The Science of Biology What makes something “alive”? –1. Cellular organization –2. Order –3. Sensitivity –4. Growth,development, and reproduction –5. Energy Utilization –6. Evolutionary adaptation –7. Homeostasis

3. Hierarchical Organization Atoms Molecules Macromolecule TissueCellOrganelle OrganOrgan systemOrganism Community SpeciesPopulation Ecosystem Biosphere

4. Two Types of Reasoning Scientists Use Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning

5. Scientific Method

6. Darwin Was a Pretty Cool Guy… I Mean Just Check Out that Beard!

7. The Galapagos Islands- Disney World for Scientists Darwin found a lot of evidence to support his theory on the Galapagos Islands- specifically in the finches.

8. Only the Strong Survive? Darwin and Malthus

9. Who’s that Wallace Guy Anyway? A man named Alfred Wallace concurred with Darwin’s theory of evolution via natural selection. This lit a fire under Darwin and led him publish his findings

10. Modern Evidence Supporting Darwin’s Theory 1. The fossil record 2. The age of Earth- 4.5 billion years as opposed to a few thousand as thought in Darwin’s Time 3. Genetics supports Darwin’s Theory 4. Comparative Anatomy- Homologous and Analogous structures 5. Molecular evidence- comparing genomes ( the sequences of genes) in species 6.Molecular Clocks- Similarities in DNA of related individuals 7. Phylogenetic Trees- the sequences of genes are used to construct these

11. Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree Most Related= Smallest number of Amino Acid differences Least Related= Largest number of Amino Acid Differences # of Differences Animal 50Chicken 10Monkey 70Frog 30Dog 0Human

12. Important People In the Cell Thory Robert Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden and Theordor Schwann

13. Cell Theory All organisms are composed of one or more Cells Cells are the smallest living things and the basic units of all live All cells come from other cells ***Is this always true***

14. The molecular Basis of Inheritence DNA- Encodes all of the information in a cell Gene- larges sequences of nucleotides making a discrete unit of information Genome- the entire set of DNA instructions that specifies a cell

15. Structure and Function Underlying theme of biology Function is highly dependant on structure Why is it important to relate the structure of something with its function?

16. Evolutionary Change All organisms are classified into three main domains and then further classified from there

17. Evolutionary Conservation All living things descended from a simple cellular creature about 2.5 billion years ago. Some characteristics of the earliest organism have been preserved in all living things Examples?