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Fig. 1-1
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Fig. 1-2
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Fig. 1-3 Order Evolutionary adaptation Response to the environment Reproduction Growth and development Energy processing Regulation
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Fig. 1-3a Order
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Fig. 1-3b Evolutionary adaptation
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Fig. 1-3c Response to the environment
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Fig. 1-3d Reproduction
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Fig. 1-3e Growth and development
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Fig. 1-3f Energy processing
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Fig. 1-3g Regulation
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Fig. 1-4 The biosphere Communities Populations Organisms Ecosystems Organs and organ systems Cells Cell Organelles Atoms Molecules Tissues 10 µm 1 µm 50 µm
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Fig. 1-4a The biosphere Communities Populations Organisms Ecosystems
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Fig. 1-4b Organs and organ systems Cells Cell Organelles Atoms Molecules Tissues 10 µm 1 µm 50 µm
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Fig. 1-4c The biosphere
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Fig. 1-4d Ecosystems
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Fig. 1-4e Communities
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Fig. 1-4f Populations
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Fig. 1-4g Organisms
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Fig. 1-4h Organs and organ systems
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Fig. 1-4i Tissues 50 µm
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Fig. 1-4j Cells Cell 10 µm
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Fig. 1-4k 1 µm Organelles
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Fig. 1-4l Atoms Molecules
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Fig. 1-5 Sunlight Ecosystem Heat Cycling of chemical nutrients Producers (plants and other photosynthetic organisms) Chemical energy Consumers (such as animals)
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Fig. 1-6 (a) Wings (c) Neurons (b) Bones Infoldings of membrane Mitochondrion (d) Mitochondria 0.5 µm 100 µm
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Fig. 1-6a (a) Wings
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Fig. 1-6b (b) Bones
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Fig. 1-6c (c) Neurons 100 µm
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Fig. 1-6d Infoldings of membrane Mitochondrion (d) Mitochondria 0.5 µm
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Fig. 1-7 25 µm
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Fig. 1-8 1 µm Organelles Nucleus (contains DNA) Cytoplasm Membrane DNA (no nucleus) Membrane Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell
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Fig. 1-9 Nuclei containing DNA Sperm cell Egg cell Fertilized egg with DNA from both parents Embryo’s cells with copies of inherited DNA Offspring with traits inherited from both parents
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Fig. 1-10 Nucleus DNA Cell Nucleotide (a) DNA double helix(b) Single strand of DNA
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Fig. 1-11
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Fig. 1-12 Outer membrane and cell surface Cytoplasm Nucleus
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Fig. 1-13 Negative feedback Excess D blocks a step D D D A B C Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 D (a) Negative feedback W Enzyme 4 X Positive feedback Enzyme 5 Y + Enzyme 6 Excess Z stimulates a step Z Z Z Z (b) Positive feedback
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Fig. 1-13a Excess D blocks a step (a) Negative feedback Negative feedback D D D D C B A Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 –
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Fig. 1-13b Excess Z stimulates a step (b) Positive feedback Z Positive feedback Enzyme 4 Enzyme 5 Enzyme 6 Z Z Z Y X W +
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Fig. 1-14 SpeciesGenusFamilyOrderClassPhylumKingdomDomain Ursus americanus (American black bear) Ursus Ursidae Carnivora Mammalia Chordata Animalia Eukarya
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Fig. 1-15 (a) DOMAIN BACTERIA (b) DOMAIN ARCHAEA (c) DOMAIN EUKARYA Protists Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia
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Fig. 1-15a (a) DOMAIN BACTERIA
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Fig. 1-15b (b) DOMAIN ARCHAEA
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Fig. 1-15c (c) DOMAIN EUKARYA Protists Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia
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Fig. 1-15d Protists
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Fig. 1-15e Kingdom Fungi
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Fig. 1-15f Kingdom Plantae
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Fig. 1-15g Kingdom Animalia
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Fig. 1-16 Cilia of Paramecium Cross section of a cilium, as viewed with an electron microscope Cilia of windpipe cells 15 µm 5 µm 0.1 µm
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Fig. 1-17
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Fig. 1-18
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Fig. 1-19
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Fig. 1-20 Population with varied inherited traits. Elimination of individuals with certain traits. Reproduction of survivors. Increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reproductive success. 43 21
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Fig. 1-21
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Fig. 1-22 COMMON ANCESTOR Warbler finches Insect-eaters Seed-eater Bud-eater Insect-eatersTree finches Green warbler finch Certhidea olivacea Gray warbler finch Certhidea fusca Sharp-beaked ground finch Geospiza difficilis Vegetarian finch Platyspiza crassirostris Mangrove finch Cactospiza heliobates Woodpecker finch Cactospiza pallida Medium tree finch Camarhynchus pauper Large tree finch Camarhynchus psittacula Small tree finch Camarhynchus parvulus Large cactus ground finch Geospiza conirostris Cactus ground finch Geospiza scandens Small ground finch Geospiza fuliginosa Medium ground finch Geospiza fortis Large ground finch Geospiza magnirostris Ground finches Seed-eaters Cactus-flower- eaters
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Fig. 1-22a Warbler finches Insect-eaters Seed-eater Bud-eater Green warbler finch Certhidea olivacea Gray warbler finch Certhidea fusca Sharp-beaked ground finch Geospiza difficilis Vegetarian finch Platyspiza crassirostris
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Fig. 1-22b Insect-eaters Tree finches Mangrove finch Cactospiza heliobates Woodpecker finch Cactospiza pallida Medium tree finch Camarhynchus pauper Large tree finch Camarhynchus psittacula Small tree finch Camarhynchus parvulus
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Fig. 1-22c Large cactus ground finch Geospiza conirostris Cactus ground finch Geospiza scandens Small ground finch Geospiza fuliginosa Medium ground finch Geospiza fortis Large ground finch Geospiza magnirostris Ground finches Seed-eaters Cactus-flower- eaters
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Fig. 1-23
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Fig. 1-24 Observations Question Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb Prediction: Replacing batteries will fix problem Prediction: Replacing bulb will fix problem Test prediction Test falsifies hypothesis Test does not falsify hypothesis
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Fig. 1-24a Observations Question Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb
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Fig. 1-24b Test prediction Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb Test prediction Prediction: Replacing batteries will fix problem Prediction: Replacing bulb will fix problem Test falsifies hypothesis Test does not falsify hypothesis
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Fig. 1-25 South Carolina North Carolina Key Scarlet kingsnake (nonpoisonous) Eastern coral snake (poisonous) Range of scarlet kingsnake only Overlapping ranges of scarlet kingsnake and eastern coral snake
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Fig. 1-26 (a) Artificial kingsnake (b) Brown artificial snake that has been attacked
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Fig. 1-26a (a) Artificial kingsnake
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Fig. 1-26b (b) Brown artificial snake that has been attacked
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Fig. 1-27 Artificial kingsnakes Brown artificial snakes 83% 84% 17% 16% Coral snakes absent Coral snakes present Percent of total attacks on artificial snakes 100 80 60 40 20 0 RESULTS
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Fig. 1-28 From body From lungs Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle To lungsTo body
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Fig. 1-29
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Fig. 1-30
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Fig. 1-UN1
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Fig. 1-UN2
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Fig. 1-UN3 Producers Consumers
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Fig. 1-UN4
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Fig. 1-UN5
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Fig. 1-UN6
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Fig. 1-UN7
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Fig. 1-UN8 Population of organisms Hereditary variations Overproduction and competition Differences in reproductive success of individuals Evolution of adaptations in the population Environmental factors
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Fig. 1-UN9
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