1. Fig. 1-1

2. Fig. 1-2

3. Fig. 1-3 Order Evolutionary adaptation Response to the environment Reproduction Growth and development Energy processing Regulation

4. Fig. 1-3a Order

5. Fig. 1-3b Evolutionary adaptation

6. Fig. 1-3c Response to the environment

7. Fig. 1-3d Reproduction

8. Fig. 1-3e Growth and development

9. Fig. 1-3f Energy processing

10. Fig. 1-3g Regulation

11. Fig. 1-4 The biosphere Communities Populations Organisms Ecosystems Organs and organ systems Cells Cell Organelles Atoms Molecules Tissues 10 µm 1 µm 50 µm

12. Fig. 1-4a The biosphere Communities Populations Organisms Ecosystems

13. Fig. 1-4b Organs and organ systems Cells Cell Organelles Atoms Molecules Tissues 10 µm 1 µm 50 µm

14. Fig. 1-4c The biosphere

15. Fig. 1-4d Ecosystems

16. Fig. 1-4e Communities

17. Fig. 1-4f Populations

18. Fig. 1-4g Organisms

19. Fig. 1-4h Organs and organ systems

20. Fig. 1-4i Tissues 50 µm

21. Fig. 1-4j Cells Cell 10 µm

22. Fig. 1-4k 1 µm Organelles

23. Fig. 1-4l Atoms Molecules

24. Fig. 1-5 Sunlight Ecosystem Heat Cycling of chemical nutrients Producers (plants and other photosynthetic organisms) Chemical energy Consumers (such as animals)

25. Fig. 1-6 (a) Wings (c) Neurons (b) Bones Infoldings of membrane Mitochondrion (d) Mitochondria 0.5 µm 100 µm

26. Fig. 1-6a (a) Wings

27. Fig. 1-6b (b) Bones

28. Fig. 1-6c (c) Neurons 100 µm

29. Fig. 1-6d Infoldings of membrane Mitochondrion (d) Mitochondria 0.5 µm

30. Fig. 1-7 25 µm

31. Fig. 1-8 1 µm Organelles Nucleus (contains DNA) Cytoplasm Membrane DNA (no nucleus) Membrane Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell

32. Fig. 1-9 Nuclei containing DNA Sperm cell Egg cell Fertilized egg with DNA from both parents Embryo’s cells with copies of inherited DNA Offspring with traits inherited from both parents

33. Fig. 1-10 Nucleus DNA Cell Nucleotide (a) DNA double helix(b) Single strand of DNA

34. Fig. 1-11

35. Fig. 1-12 Outer membrane and cell surface Cytoplasm Nucleus

36. Fig. 1-13 Negative feedback  Excess D blocks a step D D D A B C Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 D (a) Negative feedback W Enzyme 4 X Positive feedback Enzyme 5 Y + Enzyme 6 Excess Z stimulates a step Z Z Z Z (b) Positive feedback

37. Fig. 1-13a Excess D blocks a step (a) Negative feedback Negative feedback D D D D C B A Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 –

38. Fig. 1-13b Excess Z stimulates a step (b) Positive feedback Z Positive feedback Enzyme 4 Enzyme 5 Enzyme 6 Z Z Z Y X W +

39. Fig. 1-14 SpeciesGenusFamilyOrderClassPhylumKingdomDomain Ursus americanus (American black bear) Ursus Ursidae Carnivora Mammalia Chordata Animalia Eukarya

40. Fig. 1-15 (a) DOMAIN BACTERIA (b) DOMAIN ARCHAEA (c) DOMAIN EUKARYA Protists Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia

41. Fig. 1-15a (a) DOMAIN BACTERIA

42. Fig. 1-15b (b) DOMAIN ARCHAEA

43. Fig. 1-15c (c) DOMAIN EUKARYA Protists Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia

44. Fig. 1-15d Protists

45. Fig. 1-15e Kingdom Fungi

46. Fig. 1-15f Kingdom Plantae

47. Fig. 1-15g Kingdom Animalia

48. Fig. 1-16 Cilia of Paramecium Cross section of a cilium, as viewed with an electron microscope Cilia of windpipe cells 15 µm 5 µm 0.1 µm

49. Fig. 1-17

50. Fig. 1-18

51. Fig. 1-19

52. Fig. 1-20 Population with varied inherited traits. Elimination of individuals with certain traits. Reproduction of survivors. Increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reproductive success. 43 21

53. Fig. 1-21

54. Fig. 1-22 COMMON ANCESTOR Warbler finches Insect-eaters Seed-eater Bud-eater Insect-eatersTree finches Green warbler finch Certhidea olivacea Gray warbler finch Certhidea fusca Sharp-beaked ground finch Geospiza difficilis Vegetarian finch Platyspiza crassirostris Mangrove finch Cactospiza heliobates Woodpecker finch Cactospiza pallida Medium tree finch Camarhynchus pauper Large tree finch Camarhynchus psittacula Small tree finch Camarhynchus parvulus Large cactus ground finch Geospiza conirostris Cactus ground finch Geospiza scandens Small ground finch Geospiza fuliginosa Medium ground finch Geospiza fortis Large ground finch Geospiza magnirostris Ground finches Seed-eaters Cactus-flower- eaters

55. Fig. 1-22a Warbler finches Insect-eaters Seed-eater Bud-eater Green warbler finch Certhidea olivacea Gray warbler finch Certhidea fusca Sharp-beaked ground finch Geospiza difficilis Vegetarian finch Platyspiza crassirostris

56. Fig. 1-22b Insect-eaters Tree finches Mangrove finch Cactospiza heliobates Woodpecker finch Cactospiza pallida Medium tree finch Camarhynchus pauper Large tree finch Camarhynchus psittacula Small tree finch Camarhynchus parvulus

57. Fig. 1-22c Large cactus ground finch Geospiza conirostris Cactus ground finch Geospiza scandens Small ground finch Geospiza fuliginosa Medium ground finch Geospiza fortis Large ground finch Geospiza magnirostris Ground finches Seed-eaters Cactus-flower- eaters

58. Fig. 1-23

59. Fig. 1-24 Observations Question Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb Prediction: Replacing batteries will fix problem Prediction: Replacing bulb will fix problem Test prediction Test falsifies hypothesis Test does not falsify hypothesis

60. Fig. 1-24a Observations Question Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb

61. Fig. 1-24b Test prediction Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb Test prediction Prediction: Replacing batteries will fix problem Prediction: Replacing bulb will fix problem Test falsifies hypothesis Test does not falsify hypothesis

62. Fig. 1-25 South Carolina North Carolina Key Scarlet kingsnake (nonpoisonous) Eastern coral snake (poisonous) Range of scarlet kingsnake only Overlapping ranges of scarlet kingsnake and eastern coral snake

63. Fig. 1-26 (a) Artificial kingsnake (b) Brown artificial snake that has been attacked

64. Fig. 1-26a (a) Artificial kingsnake

65. Fig. 1-26b (b) Brown artificial snake that has been attacked

66. Fig. 1-27 Artificial kingsnakes Brown artificial snakes 83% 84% 17% 16% Coral snakes absent Coral snakes present Percent of total attacks on artificial snakes 100 80 60 40 20 0 RESULTS

67. Fig. 1-28 From body From lungs Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle To lungsTo body

68. Fig. 1-29

69. Fig. 1-30

70. Fig. 1-UN1

71. Fig. 1-UN2

72. Fig. 1-UN3 Producers Consumers

73. Fig. 1-UN4

74. Fig. 1-UN5

75. Fig. 1-UN6

76. Fig. 1-UN7

77. Fig. 1-UN8 Population of organisms Hereditary variations Overproduction and competition Differences in reproductive success of individuals Evolution of adaptations in the population Environmental factors

78. Fig. 1-UN9