1. CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 19 Descent with Modification Questions prepared by Fleur Ferro, Community College of Denver Janet Lanza, University of Arkansas at Little Rock Michael Dini, Texas Tech University

2. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following statements can be associated with the concept of the “unity of life” and which can be associated with the concept of the “diversity of life”? A.The amino acid sequences of cytochrome c (an enzyme in mitochondria) differ between humans and chimpanzees by one amino acid. B.If the gene for human insulin is inserted into bacteria, the bacteria can make human insulin. C.Medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) have beaks that are similar in shape but smaller than large ground finches (Geospiza magnirostris). D.The basic forelimb structure of horses and moles is similar. E.Scientists interested in curing human cancer may study cell division in yeasts.

3. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Imagine a species of bird in which females prefer to mate with brightly colored males. However, males with bright backs are more often preyed upon by hawks. Assuming that a wide variety of genetic variation exists in the species, which do you think is the most likely evolutionary outcome? A.Males will be selected to be brightly colored. B.Females will be selected to choose drab males. C.Males will be selected to have bright chests and dull backs. D.Females will not mate. E.The species will go extinct because the hawks catch all the males.

4. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Imagine a species of bird in which females prefer to mate with brightly colored males. However, males with bright backs are more often preyed upon by hawks. Assuming that a wide variety of genetic variation exists in the species, which do you think is the most likely evolutionary outcome? A.Males will be selected to be brightly colored. B.Females will be selected to choose drab males. C.Males will be selected to have bright chests and dull backs. D.Females will not mate. E.The species will go extinct because the hawks catch all the males.

5. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Imagine two species that are thought to have a recent common ancestor. If this idea is correct, these two species most likely have A.no morphological similarities. B.few biochemical similarities. C.several homologous structures D.similar embryological development. E.Both C and D are correct.

6. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Imagine two species that are thought to have a recent common ancestor. If this idea is correct, these two species most likely have A.no morphological similarities. B.few biochemical similarities. C.several homologous structures D.similar embryological development. E.Both C and D are correct.

7. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. You find a section of sedimentary rock in which the strata and some fossils have been exposed. You notice that a clam fossil is in deeper strata than a fish fossil you can see. Using relative dating, which fossil is most likely older? A.clam B.fish C.not enough data to answer

8. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. You find a section of sedimentary rock in which the strata and some fossils have been exposed. You notice that a clam fossil is in deeper strata than a fish fossil you can see. Using relative dating, which fossil is most likely older? A.clam B.fish C.not enough data to answer

9. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. You discover fish living in a cave with no natural light. The fish have no eyes, but they do have eye sockets. Using a Lamarckian thought process, which of the following would be the reason for this? A.The fish were in a dark environment, and therefore didn’t need eyes. Over time, they used their developmental energy for other more useful features, so because they didn’t use them, they lost them. B.The fish never had eyes but are slowly evolving to have them because they will need them someday. C.Originally, some fish in the population had eyes and could see, but those without eyes had more acute other senses, allowing them to eat, avoid being eaten, and find a mate more easily. Eventually, those with eyes died before they could pass on their genes and the population changed to those without eyes.

10. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. You discover fish living in a cave with no natural light. The fish have no eyes, but they do have eye sockets. Using a Lamarckian thought process, which of the following would be the reason for this? A.The fish were in a dark environment, and therefore didn’t need eyes. Over time, they used their developmental energy for other more useful features, so because they didn’t use them, they lost them. B.The fish never had eyes but are slowly evolving to have them because they will need them someday. C.Originally, some fish in the population had eyes and could see, but those without eyes had more acute other senses, allowing them to eat, avoid being eaten, and find a mate more easily. Eventually, those with eyes died before they could pass on their genes and the population changed to those without eyes.

11. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. You discover fish living in a cave with no natural light. The fish have no eyes, but they do have eye sockets. Using a Darwinian thought process, which of the following would be the reason for this? A.The fish were in a dark environment and therefore didn’t need eyes. Over time, they used their developmental energy for other more useful features, so because they didn’t use them, they lost them. B.The fish never had eyes but are slowly evolving to have them because they might need them in the future. C.Originally, some fish in the population had eyes and could see, but those without eyes had more acute other senses, allowing them to eat, avoid being eate, and find a mate more easily. Eventually, those with eyes died before they could pass on their genes and the population changed to those without eyes.

12. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. You discover fish living in a cave with no natural light. The fish have no eyes, but they do have eye sockets. Using a Darwinian thought process, which of the following would be the reason for this? A.The fish were in a dark environment and therefore didn’t need eyes. Over time, they used their developmental energy for other more useful features, so because they didn’t use them, they lost them. B.The fish never had eyes but are slowly evolving to have them because they might need them in the future. C.Originally, some fish in the population had eyes and could see, but those without eyes had more acute other senses, allowing them to eat, avoid being eaten, and find a mate more easily. Eventually, those with eyes died before they could pass on their genes and the population changed to those without eyes.

13. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Using the Galápagos finches example from the book, which of the following best explains the Darwinian reason why the insect-eating finch has such a long, narrow beak? A.Variation existed in the finch population. Those that naturally had longer, narrower beaks could reach their food more easily, allowing finches with these features to survive and reproduce more often than those that did not. B.Every day, finches who needed to eat insects would squeeze their beaks into tiny holes to reach insects, eventually changing the shape of their beaks, which then got passed on to future generations. C.Those with longer, narrower beaks carried the dominant gene for that, which is how they evolved.

14. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Using the Galápagos finches example from the book, which of the following best explains the Darwinian reason why the insect-eating finch has such a long, narrow beak? A.Variation existed in the finch population. Those that naturally had longer, narrower beaks could reach their food more easily, allowing finches with these features to survive and reproduce more often than those that did not. B.Every day, finches who needed to eat insects would squeeze their beaks into tiny holes to reach insects, eventually changing the shape of their beaks, which then got passed on to future generations. C.Those with longer, narrower beaks carried the dominant gene for that, which is how they evolved.

15. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. MRSA infections are occurring at alarming rates. One reason for this could be that people do not finish their antibiotics. Which of the following is the most likely reason that this could lead to something like MRSA? A.Antibiotics take awhile to start working, giving the bacteria time to mount defenses against the antibiotics over a few days. B.Because antibiotics are often taken when there is no bacterial infection, the antibiotics aren’t using their medicinal/antibacterial properties and are losing them. C.The first few days of antibiotics kill off the weak bacteria, making people feel better. Then, when people stop taking the antibiotics, the strong bacteria that survived have been selected, breed with one another, and create a stronger population.

16. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. MRSA infections are occurring at alarming rates. One reason for this could be that people do not finish their antibiotics. Which of the following is the most likely reason that this could lead to something like MRSA? A.Antibiotics take awhile to start working, giving the bacteria time to mount defenses against the antibiotics over a few days. B.Because antibiotics are often taken when there is no bacterial infection, the antibiotics aren’t using their medicinal/antibacterial properties and are losing them. C.The first few days of antibiotics kill off the weak bacteria, making people feel better. Then, when people stop taking the antibiotics, the strong bacteria that survived have been selected, breed with one another, and create a stronger population.