2. Early Ideas About Evolution Darwin’s Observations Natural Selection Evidence of Evolution Evolutionary Biology Today 10 20 30 40 50

3. Question 1 - 10 Traces of organisms that existed in the past

4. Answer 1 – 10 Fossils

5. Question 1 - 20 This theory states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth’s landforms and caused extinction of some species

6. Answer 1 – 20 Catastrophism

7. Question 1 - 30 This principle states that the changes in landforms result from slow changes over a long period of time

8. Answer 1 – 30 Gradualism

9. Question 1 - 40 An expanded version of the theory of gradualism – this theory states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time.

10. Answer 1 – 40 Uniformitarianism

11. Question 1 - 50 Name the scientist who had the following theories: – Species shared ancestors instead of arising separately – Believed in the inheritance of acquired characteristics – All living things were descended from a common ancestor and that more-complex forms of life arose from less complex forms

12. Answer 1 – 50 Buffon Lamarck E. Darwin

13. Question 2 - 10 Differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs

14. Answer 2 – 10 Variation

15. Question 2 - 20 An inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment

16. Answer 2 – 20 Adaptation

17. Question 2 - 30 A variation that occurs among members of the SAME species

18. Answer 2 – 30 Intraspecific variation

19. Question 2 - 40 A variation that occurs among members of a DIFFERENT species

20. Answer 2 – 40 Interspecific variation

21. Question 2 - 50 Name the islands off of the coast of South America where Darwin gathered a great deal of evidence to support his theory and give two examples of organisms that showed evolution taking place.

22. Answer 2 – 50 Galapagos Islands Tortoises Finches Iguanas Etc.

23. Question 3 - 10 Process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits

24. Answer 3 – 10 Artificial Selection

25. Question 3 - 20 Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals

26. Answer 3 – 20 Natural Selection

27. Question 3 - 30 The ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next

28. Answer 3 – 30 Heritability

29. Question 3 - 40 A measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment

30. Answer 3 – 40 Fitness

31. Question 3 - 50 Name the four main principles of the theory of Natural Selection

32. Answer 3 – 50 Variation Overproduction Adaptation Descent with Modification

33. Question 4 - 10 The study of the distribution of organisms around the world

34. Answer 4 – 10 Biogeography

35. Question 4 - 20 The study of the early developmental stages of an organism to determine similarities and differences in species indicating that evolution has taken place

36. Answer 4 – 20 Embryology

37. Question 4 - 30 Remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor

38. Answer 4 – 30 Vestigial structure

39. Question 4 - 40 Body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions

40. Answer 4 – 40 Homologous structure

41. Question 4 - 50 Body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different

42. Answer 4 – 50 Analogous structure

43. Question 5 - 10 The study of fossils or extinct organisms that continues to provide new information and support current hypotheses about how evolution occurs.

44. Answer 5 – 10 Paleontology

45. Question 5 - 20 The process of analyzing the sequences of nucleotides in a gene and how they have changed over time due to mutations. It provides evidence that evolution takes place.

46. Answer 5 – 20 DNA sequence analysis

47. Question 5 - 30 Sequences of DNA nucleotides that no longer function but are still carried along with functional DNA.

48. Answer 5 – 30 Pseudogenes

49. Question 5 - 40 Genes that control the development of specific structures

50. Answer 5 – 40 Homeobox genes

51. Question 5 - 50 Also known as molecular fingerprinting, this process reveals similarities in proteins of different organisms providing evidence of evolution.

52. Answer 5 – 50 Protein comparisons