1. Ana Barros 1 Andrew Wood 2 Francisco Munoz 1 Julio-Cesar Rodriguez 4 Dennis Lettenmaier 2 Stephen S. Burges 2 Ted Bohn 2 Mekonnen Gebremichael 1 Natalie Voisin 2 Christopher Watts 3 Monitoring the Diurnal Cycle of Land-Atmosphere Interactions During NAME/SMEX04 1 Duke University 2 University of Washington 3 University of Sonora 4 IMADES

2. Motivation Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture in Complex Terrain Leverage on NAME data collection Atmospheric Correction* Explain Spatial Variability of Observed Soil Moisture Understand Land-Atmosphere Interactions in Arid Regions

4. Exploratory Diagnostic Simulations with MM5 (@ 3km resolution) June 5-7 2003

5. Surface Latent Heat

6. NW-SE

7. Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall Landform and organization of convective activity Vegetation and the role of evapotranspiration Diurnal Cycle of Boundary Layer Winds Relationship between organization of mountain-valley circulations and the diurnal cycle of rainfall Diurnal Cycle of Atmospheric Instability Convective instability and the diurnal cycle of rainfall Objectives

9. Vegetation Response to Rainfall

10. east valley slopes Spatial Variability Of the Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall

11. SW- late afternoon East- early afternoon NNW- early evening NCAR/ATD TAOS system

12. a) Daytime b) Evening/Nighttime NAM diurnal cycle in the San Miguel Moist anabatic upslope breeze Terrain induced asymmetry (Up) Valley wind Return Flow (Downvalley) Mountain wind Lateral Katabatic drainage breeze Valley convergence Southward moving storms Synoptic winds Return flow Surface Flow Local winds

13. S E N W 0 1 2 3 4 5 [m/s] July 29, 2004 Low-level (downvalley) mountain wind

14. Mid-level Return Flow Anabatic Valley Winds

15. stable residual layer mixed layer surface layer Growth of the Mixed layer Stable No Rain Conditions

16. east valley slopes Spatial Variability Of the Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall

17. Synoptic controls Local Surface controls

18. a) Daytime b) Evening/Nighttime NAM diurnal cycle in the San Miguel Moist anabatic upslope breeze Terrain induced asymmetry (Up) Valley wind Return Flow (Downvalley) Mountain wind Lateral Katabatic drainage breeze Valley convergence Southward moving storms Synoptic winds Return flow Surface Flow Local winds

19. * dry * wet dry S Question: What is the Contribution of Evapotranspiration to Daytime Rainfall?

20. Discussion “Exploratory” Field Experiment Raingauge Network Soundings (radiosondes, profilers, rainy conditions) Lightning High-maintenance Tower(s) Unique evidence of strong space-time structuring of rainfall and low-level circulations in a semi-arid region of complex terrain Insolation Patterns (surface energy budget) Landform and topography Land-cover “Definitive” Field Experiment

21. Acknowledgments