2. Grade 8 S.Patt

3.  Abu Simbel

4.   Archaeological site comprising two massive rock temples in Southern Egypt  Built by Ramses II  Took about 20 years to build  Best known by the four statues of Ramses II seated at the entrance of the King’s Temple Abu Simbel: History

5.  The King’s Temple

6.   Larger of the two temples at the complex  Considered one of the most beautiful temples commissioned during Ramses II’s reign  Four statues of Ramses II guard the entrance  Smaller statues of his family are situated at his feet  Inside depicts scenes of Egypt’s victories over her enemies  At two days each year does the sun shine into the sanctuary, casting light on all of the four statues inside The King’s Temple

7.  The Queen’s Temple

8.   Dedicated to Hathor and Nefertari, Ramses II’s chief wife  Smaller than the King’s Temple  Four statues of Ramses II and two of Nefertari, all of the same size  Interior shows more of Ramses II’s victories as well as scenes of him and Nefertari offering sacrifices to the gods  There is a statue of Hathor inside as well as a dome that holds the weight of the man-made mountain outside The Queen’s Temple

9.  Moving a Monument

10.   Monument found itself under threat of destruction with the completion of the Aswan High Dam  Temples were cut into large blocks and moved to a new safe location  Cost more than $40 million at the time  New location was 65 meters higher than previous location and 200 meters back from the river.  One of the greatest challenges of archaeological engineering in history Moving a Monument

11.  Apollo XI

12.   First successful mission to the moon, in 1969  Major victory for the United States, who was racing the Soviets to see who could get to the moon first  Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon  Returned to earth by crashing into the Pacific Ocean and was retrieved by the USS Hornet  A large collection of artifacts now resides in the Smithsonian museum Apollo XI: History

13.   Today most of the pieces that made up this mission are housed in museums.  The Smithsonian has a large collection in its Air and Space museum. Pieces of History

14.   Second highest uninterrupted waterfall in Africa  One of the most important archaeological sites in Africa Kalambo Falls

15.   Over 200,000 years of successive human occupation is in evidence at Kalambo Falls  Site first discovered by Desmond Clark in 1953  Handaxes and cleavers in the Acheulean style  Evidence for the use and consumption of plants is preserved at the site  Evidence for meat-eating in the form of animal bones is not represented A Look into Prehistory

16.  Kalambo Artifacts

17.   After seeing the giant monument of Abu Simbel that Ramses II constructed to honor the gods, himself, and his wife, students will have the opportunity to be the architects.  Students will design and draw a monument for a famous person in today’s world and then do a short write up answering the questions on the following slide.  The goal is to realize what kind of affect a monument of this size would have had on the people of Ancient Egypt and the effect is has on the people of today. Activity

18.  1.What do you want viewers to think about or feel when they see the monument? 2.Saying your monument survives, what will the people of the future think of your monument? 3.Should the monument be realistic (such as Abu Simbel) or abstract (such as the Giza Pyramids)? 4.Should the monument be positioned indoors or outdoors? 5.Out of what material(s) should the monument be made? 6.How big or small should the monument be? 7.Should the monument consist of one structure (or piece) or several structures (or pieces)? 8.What would be the significance of each structure? 9.Should the monument encourage viewers to touch it or walk through it, or should the monument be roped off or made unreachable in some other way? 10.What, if anything, should a plaque on or near the monument say? Questions