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Religion in Ancient Egypt
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What thoughts come to mind when you hear “Egyptian religion”?
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Most people think about:
Mummies Pyramids Tombs filled with elaborate goods
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The basics on Egyptian Religion
Polytheistic- over 1000 gods and goddesses also called dieties Divine pharaoh- Horus in life, Osiris in death Belief in the afterlife- embalming, mummies, tombs Very confusing! Each god represents numerous ideas, and there is quite a bit of overlapping. Some gods are local and some are national People not afraid of gods. Instead they are comforting.
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How are animals involved?
A number of animals held sacred importance for the Egyptians dating back to their earliest days Many gods, when personified (shown in human form) are shown with animal & human characteristics, most often the head is the animal and the body is human Cats, crocodiles, snakes, birds, etc
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Pharaoh as God Each potential pharaoh has a physical body and an inner “ka” Once chosen as pharaoh, a ceremony is done to unite physical body with the ka Pharaoh emerges from ceremony as a man/god
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Temples Built for the gods as their homes
Place for festivals and communication with the gods
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Priests Upper class and allowed to marry
Took care and commissioned statues Ran the religious festivals Read religious scrolls Made predictions Helped people in life and to enter the afterlife
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Ra- God of Sun Lord of the universe.
Creation stories all start with him.
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Isis- Goddess of magical powers, healing
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Atum- God of Creation
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Osiris- God of death, underworld
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Horus- God of Eternal life, harvest, sky
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Hapi- God of the Nile, flood
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Thoth- God of the moon, writing, knowledge
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Anubis- God of Embalming
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Seth- God of Desert, Chaos
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Sobek- Crocodile God
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Ma’at- Goddess of truth, law, morality
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The Afterlife Belief in life after death
To ensure this, the body must be preserved so that the soul has a place to live after death Human bodies decay naturally, so preservation is needed or else....no afterlife! This means embalming and mummification
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