1. Luther Leads The Reformation
Chapter 17
Section 3

2. Key Terms Reformation Indulgences Lutheran Protestant
Peace of Augsburg
Annul
Anglican

3. Causes of the Reformation
Gained power and wealth
Influence, worldliness, and extravagance
Strayed from its spiritual roots
Protestant Reformation- a protest movement against the Catholic church

4. Causes of the Reformation
Financial corruption
Abuse of power
Immorality
Church taxed people for renaissance projects
1500’s Pope Leo needed money to build Saint Peter’s Basiclica

5. Criticisms of the Catholic Church
Indulgences-pardons issued by the pope to reduce a person’s time in purgatory
Thousand years people believed you worked off your sins in purgatory Indulgences – one of the most criticized activities

6. Early Reformers
John Wycliffe- believed the church should give up its worldly possessions
Jan Haus-1370 was a priest preached about immorality and worldliness of the Catholic church

7. Early Reformers Hus excommunicated by Pope Gregory XII
Arrested for heresy and burned at the stake
First influential theologians to openly criticize the church

8. Martin Luther Selling indulgences was sinful
Criticized the power of the pope and wealth of the church
Luther’s theses were for church leaders
Written in Latin and nailed to a church door
His actions began the Reformation(religious movement)

9. Martin Luther Cuase discussion at universities
Printing press helped them to spread throughout Europe
Read by intellectuals, clergy, and laypeople
Made sense to many people and they wanted reform

10. Luther’s Message Contradicted basic Catholic beliefs
God’s grace can not be won by good works
Also need faith
Jesus was the head of the Christian church not the pope
All people of faith were equal

11. Luther’s Message Christians should interpret the Bible
Christian practices should come from the bible
Translated the Bible into German
More people could read it without the aid of the clergy

12. Reactions to Luther 1520 Pople Leo X excommunicated him
1521 summoned to appear in front of the Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV
German Diet
City of Worms
Luther refused to change his opinions

13. Reaction to Luther
Edict of Worms-Luther to be an outlaw and condemned his writings
Edict did not prevent Luther from spreading his ideas
1530 Lutheranism was a recognized branch of Christianity

14. Reaction to Luther 1529 Charles V moved to suppress Lutherans
Princes in Germany assembly issued a protestatio or protest
Term protestant came into being

15. The Spread of Protestantism
Luther stood against the Catholic Church
Opened the door to other religions
Lutheranism arose in Germany
Religious movements began in Switzerland. and Europe

16. Conflicts among Germans
Unhappy with high taxes, lack of power, new ideas
Peasants unhappy
Reformation preachers were backing idea of freedom
1524 tens of thousands German peasants stormed monasteries

17. Conflict among Germans
Martin Luther accused of the unrest denounced it
Luther’s refusal to back peasants the Reformation spilling Into a social revolution
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V wanted to turn back Protestantism

18. Conflict among Germans
1546 war against Luther’s German princes
Peace of Augsburg signed in 1555
Had religious compromise
Allowed each prince to pick their religion
Subjects had no say in the choices

19. Protestantism Spread to England
King Henry VIII became king at 17
Devout Catholic
Wrote protests against Luther’s ideas
1529 Henry’s wife had a girl, wanted a male heir
Thought girl would weaken England

20. Protestantism Spreads to England
Henry wanted the marriage annulled
Annulment- means to declare the marriage invalid based on church laws
Pope offered several solutions did not grant annulment

21. Protestantism Spreads to England
Charles the IV Holy Roman Emperor could not agree on it (Catherine’s cousin)
Henry fell in love with Bobelyn

22. Reformation Parliament
Summoned by Henry
Declaration that England was no longer under authority of the pope
Changed rituals of the Church
Closed Catholic monasteries

23. Reformation Parliament
Distributed much of the land to his nobles
Helped build more support for the split
1533 Henry and Bobelyn married
Parliament declared the marriage to Catherine annulled

24. Reformation Parliament
Anne gave birth to a girl
Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy
Take oath to declare Henry the “Supreme head of the Church of England”
Split with Rome complete

25. Henry’s Heirs Henry VIII had six wives
Edward VI the male heir
King at 9
Died before 16
Sister becomes queen
Mary returned to authority of the pope

26. Henry’s Heirs Hundreds of people burned at the stake
Called Bloody Mary
Little sorrow for Mary’s death
Elizabeth I was protestant
Draft Supremacy Act of 1559

27. Henry’s Heirs Split England from Rome
Felt threatened by Catholics who wanted a new queen
Persecuted anyone who worship as a Catholic
Elizabeth firmly establishes the Church of England or the Anglican

28. Elizabeth Faces Other Challenges
Elizabeth brought religious peace
Protestant Priests could marry
1500’s began thinking of building an American Empire
Colonies strengthened but did not enrich the Queen