1. The Renaissance & Reformation 1350-1600

2. Section 1: The Renaissance The Italian Renaissance – “rebirth” – Growth in urban society – Recovery from the plague, political instability and a decline of church power – A new view of humans and the individual as important

3. – Milan, Venice & Florence were centers of Italian political, economic and social life – Italian states sought help from Spain because they were not unified enough to fight off invaders from France – Nicolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince and it influenced political power world wide

4. Renaissance Society – Three social classes  clergy, nobility, & peasants/townspeople – Parents carefully arranged marriages to strengthen business or family ties

5. Section 2: Ideas and Art of the Renaissance Italian Renaissance Humanism – Humanism is based on the study of classics (works from ancient Greece and Rome) – While Latin was preferred when writing some authors such as Dante & Chaucer wrote in the vernacular – Christine de Pizan  wrote in defense of women

6. Renaissance Education – Education became less focused on religion – Goal was to create complete citizens – Few women attended schools

7. Section 3: The Protestant Reformation Causes of the Reformation – Christian humanism wanted to reform the Catholic Church – Desiderius Erasmus believed Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis – Widespread corruption caused this need for change – Many people became disillusioned with the church

8. Martin Luther – Believed humans were saved through their faith in God – Oct 31, 1517 Luther posted his ninety five theses on the Castle Church of Wittenberg – By 1520 moved to break with the church – Kept two sacraments: Baptism and the Eucharist and allowed clergy to marry – He was excommunicated and made an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire – Many lords/German rulers supported Luther and changed to Lutheranism

9. Politics in the German Reformation – Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor wanted to seek peace with Lutheran Princes to maintain the empire against his enemies, the Hapsburgs and the French – Peace of Augsburg, 1555 accepted the division of Christianity

10. Section 4: The Spread of Protestantism Divisions in Protestantism – John Calvin became leader of Protestantism in Switzerland – Believed in the doctrine of justification by faith alone to achieve salvation – Also believed in predestination  some people were deemed by God to be saved and others were damned

11. Reformation in England – King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife but the Pope in Rome refused – Henry VIII broke with the catholic church during the Act of Supremacy in 1534 – This made the king the head of the Church of England – When Mary came to the throne she wanted it to be Catholic but her actions (Bloody Mary??) caused people to turn more towards Protestantism

12. Anabaptists – Disliked the states’ role in religion – Considered all believers equal – Many were believed to be dangerous radicals Reformation & Society – Family became central to protestants – Anti-Semetism remained common

13. Catholic Reformation – Also called the counter reformation – Reform of the papacy – Council of Trent reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestantism

14. The Renaissance & Reformation 1350-1600

15. Section 1: The Renaissance

16. 1. What does renaissance mean? What was the Italian Renaissance?

17. 2. Describe Italy’s political situation in the 1400s?

18. 3. Why did Italian city-states need help from Spain?

19. 4. Who was Machiavelli and how did he view human nature?

20. Middle AgesRenaissance Nobility Peasants Townspeople 5. Contrast the social structure of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

22. 6. Why were marriages important for people of the Renaissance?

23. Section 2: Ideas of the Renaissance Humanism What is Humanism? Who was Petrach and what were his accomplishments?

24. What was the primary importance of each of these works? Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales Pizan’s The book of the City of Ladies Dante’s The Divine Comedy Vernacular Literature

25. Summarize the accomplishments of the following high Renaissance Masters: Leonardo da Vinci Raphael Michelangelo High Renaissance Masters

26. Section 3: The Protestant Reformation

27. 1. Who was Desiderius Erasmus and how did he contribute to the Protestant Reformation?

28. 2. Why were people disillusioned with the Catholic Church?

29. 3. Describe Martin Luther and his beliefs, how did they differ from those of the Catholic Church?

30. 4. What were the effects of Luther’s religious movement?

31. 5. Who was Charles V and what was his role in the achievement of the Protestant Reformation?

32. 6. What was the significance of the Peace of Augsburg?

33. Section 4: The Spread of Protestantism

34. 1. Who was Ulrich Zwingli and what were his contributions to the spread of Protestantism?

35. 2. Summarize John Calvin’s beliefs:

36. 3. What prompted the development of a new church in England?

37. 4. What were the results of Bloody Mary’s religious policies?

38. 5. How did the Anabaptists differ from other Protestant groups?

39. 6. What was the Catholic Reformation and what did it do for the Catholic faith?