1. Differentiate between energy and heat. Explain how energy moves through trophic levels Would fertilization with animal manure be less disruptive than fertilization with chemicals? Explain. Name 3 processes in the biogeochemical cycles that require bacteria. Describe these processes. Differentiate between the movement of energy and movement of matter through the ecosystem. Name one specific human action that interrupts the cycling of matter and explain the influence of this action on ecosystems.

2. Analyze the diagram below and explain the trends in it.

3. Differentiate between nitrification and nitrogen fixation. Name two processes of the carbon cycle that remove CO 2 from the atmosphere. Name two processes of the carbon cycle that adds CO 2 into the atmosphere. Describe two ways in which human activities disrupt the water cycle. Differentiate between evaporation and transpiration. Name the reservoirs of phosphate and how living organisms can tap into them.

4. A test was performed to check the soil preference of oak trees. Use the data below, set up a null and alternative hypothesis and perform a Chi- square test. Soil typeNumber of seedling Sand5 Humus45 Rocky19 mixed22