1. Critical Decisions and Key Components Katie Goslee Program Officer, Ecosystem Services Unit Winrock International kgoslee@winrock.org www.winrock.org Measuring and Monitoring Forest Degradation Across Asia

2. Presentation Overview  Definitions of forest degradation  When to measure forest degradation  Overview of data needs  Degrading activities  Framework for Forest Degradation Measurement and Monitoring Plan 2

3. Definitions of Forest Degradation  More than 50 definitions of degradation have been developed in scientific literature  IPCC: “A direct human-induced long-term loss (persisting for X years or more) of at least Y% of forest carbon stocks since time T and not qualifying as deforestation.”  LEAF guidance document: The reduction in the forest carbon stocks by at least 10% and persisting for 5 years or more 3

4. When to measure forest degradation  Emissions are significant and persistent Total annual emissions from degrading activities are more than 10% of the annual total forest-related emissions, and Emissions from individual degrading activities represent at least 3% of total annual emissions.  Resources exist  Emission reductions are possible  Emissions may increase without intervention 4

5. 5 For each activity, annual emissions are estimated as a function of : Activity data (AD) – measure of extent of activity, e.g. area of degradation, volume of timber harvest Obtained from change detection of remote sensing products or other sources such as timber extraction statistics Emission/removal factors (EF) – emissions/removals of GHG per unit activity, e.g. tons of emission per m 3 of timber or tons of fuelwood extracted Data Needs – Activity-based approach

6. Sum Emissions Reference Level MRV System Emissions from Deforestation Emissions from Forest Degradation Emission Reduction from Forest Enhancement Future Projection of Emissions Stratification Driver Analysis Deforestation Activity Data Deforestation Emission Factors Forest Degradation Activity Data Forest Degradation Emission Factors Forest Enhancement Activity Data Forest Enhancement Removal Factors KEY Final Outcome Policy decision Intermediate outcome Technical input

7. Degrading activities  Timber harvesting  Fuelwood and charcoal collection  Fires  Grazing  Shifting cultivation*  Other: land use change & pollution 7

8. Decision points for degrading activities  What is the likely significance of emissions and what Tier should be used for estimates?  What relevant data currently exist and are they reliable and verifiable?  What additional data are needed?  Are there capacity and resources to collect additional required data? If not, can capacity be increased or will it be necessary to pursue alternative approaches such as hiring external consultants?  How frequently will degradation be monitored? 8

9. Framework for Forest Degradation Measurement and Monitoring Plan  Definition of Degradation  Assessment of current conditions Location of degradation Types of degradation/degrading activities First order emissions assessment  Monitoring design Land- vs. Activity-based Monitoring objectives 9

10. Framework for Forest Degradation Measurement and Monitoring Plan  Monitoring design Land- vs. Activity-based Monitoring objectives Available data Gap assessment Institutional capacity for additional data collection Monitoring systems/data sources 10

11. Framework for Forest Degradation Measurement and Monitoring Plan  Data analysis Emission factors Activity data Total emissions Uncertainty Predictive modeling 11

12. Framework for Forest Degradation Measurement and Monitoring Plan  Implementation plan Responsible parties Schedule and cost estimates Integration within REDD+ system 12

13. Thank You Katie Goslee Ecosystem Services Unit Winrock International kgoslee@winrock.org www.winrock.org 13