1. TSAR YEAR 12 HISTORY Examine individual or group identity in an historical setting

2. 2 REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA 2.6 AS 90470 V2 To achieve with Excellence students must Comprehensively explain a range of factors that have contributed to the formation of an individual (or group) identity, and ways the identity was expressed, in an historical setting. Comprehensively explain characteristics of the individual (or group identity). Structure and organise information and ideas in an appropriate and effective essay format (not addressed in this presentation). www.schoolhistory.co.nz

3. 3 FACTORS - language, attitude, beliefs, gender, ethnicity and shared experiences FACTORS EXPRESSED - actions, symbols and aspirations CHARACTERISTICS www.schoolhistory.co.nz

4. 4 Characteristics - Aloof - Loyal - - Reticent - Naïve - -Distrustful - Contemptuous- - Indifferent - Heartless- -Frivolous - Unconfident - - Uneducated - www.schoolhistory.co.nz

5. 5 TSAR FACTORS www.schoolhistory.co.nz ARISTOCRAT UNPREPARED FOR POSITION FATALIST FAMILY MAN OUT OF TOUCH AUTOCRAT

6. 6 FACTORS AND HOW THEY WERE EXPRESSED ARISTOCRAT Nicholas became Tsar when 26 Wealthy Privileged Elegant High Birth www.schoolhistory.co.nz

7. 7 UNPREPARED FOR POSITION Did not know how to talk to his ministers Disliked dealing with difficult decisions. Reluctant to delegate power. Bogged down in small issues. Allowed himself to be shouted at by Rasputin. www.schoolhistory.co.nz

8. 8 UNPREPARED FOR POSITION cont’d Ignored reports about Rasputin’s behaviour, He would agree with people to their face and then contradicted decisions by mail. Not well educated, or trained for the position. “What is going to happn to me, to all Russia? I am not ready to be the Tsar. I never wanted to become one.” Tsar 1894. “The gentle but uneducated Emperor…” British Ambasador in 1906.

9. 9 FATALIST Exposed to mysticism at young age. Which was also taken up by bored aristocrats. Believed in prophecy about himself and his family. This belief made it easier for Rasputin to get close to the Tsar. Realised abdication ‘had to be’. www.schoolhistory.co.nz

10. 10 FAMILY MAN Happiest when with his family. Besotted with Tsaritsa wife. Depended on her for everything. Left her in charge of the country - 1915. even though she influenced by Rasputin. www.schoolhistory.co.nz “Tsar and his family” just after this period, (Fulop- Miller, Rene,1928, Rasputin: The Holy Devil, London: Chiswick Press.)

11. 11 Family Man cont’d Tsaritsa reminded Tsar to comb his hair with Rasputin’s comb before he made a decision. Nicholas shattered by his son’s illness. Tsar’s Daughter Anastasia www.schoolhistory.co.nz Tsar’s son Alexi

12. 12 OUT OF TOUCH The Tsar spoke and wrote mainly in English Mixed primarily with aristocrats -related to him. They formed of a barrier between him and people. Believed the people were supportive of him, and that the masses enjoyed the Divine Right of Kings. Callous continuation of his coronation celebrations - 1000 people had been killed – (some references say 2000 people) showed his lack of empathy and understanding. Lavish celebration of 300 years of Romanov rule - emphasised differences of wealth within society. www.schoolhistory.co.nz

13. 13 Believed in autocracy Believed in Divine Right of Kings, even though this was out of step with the rest of Europe. Believed that what was good for him was good for Russia. Trusted few people. Trusted his wife Felt others wanted to betray him. www.schoolhistory.co.nz Tsar and the Kaiser AUTOCRAT

14. 14 Believed he had to be harsh to protect the autocracy. Supported and utilised the hated Okhrana. He did not trust his generals during WW1. Refused to have a constitution or a parliament He blamed everyone else for the disaster of his abdication, “..all around me I see treason, cowardice and defeat.” www.schoolhistory.co.nz

15. 15 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bulygin, Paul. and Alexander Kerensky. The Murder of the Romanovs, Hutchinson, London, 1935. Fulop-Miller, Rene. Rasputin The Holy Devil, Putnam, London, 1928. Illustrated War News 21 st March 1917. Moorehead, Alan. The Russian Revolution, Panther, London, 1958. Wilson, Colin. Rasputin and the Fall of the Romanovs, Citadel Press, New Jersey, 1964. www.schoolhistory.co.nz

16. 16 www.schoolhistory.co.nz The ‘Tsar’ is also available as a teaching poster plus More Great New Posters from NZ School History