1. GRAMMAR-STAGE 6 Imperfect and Perfect Tenses

2. “PAST TENSES” in LATIN Imperfect tense Perfect tense 2 types:
For action in the past that was repeated, continuous or habitual
Marcus was doing something, or Marcus used to do something
Imperfect actually means incomplete
Perfect tense
for action that happened once, and then was over, or completed.
Marcus did something, or has done something.

3. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A LATIN VERB
Most Latin verbs have 4 principal parts. You see them when you look a verb up in a Latin dictionary
Example: amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus

4. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A LATIN VERB
1st Principal part – amō
Present tense-1st person singular. “I love” or “I am loving”

5. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A LATIN VERB
2nd Principal part – amāre
The infinitive ending indicates the conjugation (1-4) of the verb; the infinitive is “to do something”.
1st-āre nd-ēre rd-ere th - īre
The infinitive gives you the present stem of the verb. Drop the -re to get the present stem.

6. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A LATIN VERB
This give you the 1st person singular perfect tense: I did something.
Example: amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus
amāvī

7. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A LATIN VERB
4th Principal part – amātus
Perfect passive participle, which is an adjective usually translated in English as “having been ____ed”. Example: “having been loved”.

8. IMPERFECT TENSE Present stem + bam, bās, bat, bāmus, bātis, bant
1st sg.(I)
cantābam
monēbam
agēbam capiēbam
audiēbam
2nd sg.(you)
cantābās
monēbās
agēbās capiēbās
audiēbās
3rd sg.(he/she/it)
cantābat
monēbat
agēbat capiēbat
audiēbat
1st pl.(we)
cantābāmus
monēbāmus
agēbāmus capiēbāmus
audiēbāmus
2nd pl.(y’all)
cantābātis
monēbātis
agēbātis capiēbātis
audiēbātis
3rd pl.(they)
Cantābant
monēbant
agēbant capiēbant
audiēbant

9. “ba”-the imperfect

10. Ba Ba Remix

11. Latin Tutorial Imperfect

12. PERFECT TENSE Perfect stem + ī, istī, it, imus, istis, ērunt
Action in the past that was a single, completed event. Perfect means “completed”.
Take the perfect stem of the verb.
You get this from the 3rd principal part. Take the 3rd Principal part and remove the –ī
Cantō, cantāre, cantāvī
Perfect stem + ī, istī, it, imus, istis, ērunt
I __ed, or I have ___ed.

13. Perfect tense: different stem, different endings
1st sg.(I)
cantāvī
monuī
ēgī cēpī
audīvī
2nd sg.(you)
cantāvistī
monuistī
ēgistī cēpistī
audīvistī
3rd sg.(he/she/it)
cantāvit
monuit
ēgit cēpit
audīvit
1st pl.(we)
cantāvimus
monuimus
ēgimus cēpimus
audīvimus
2nd pl.(y’all)
cantāvistis
monuistis
ēgistis cēpistis
audīvistis
3rd pl.(they)
cantāvērunt
monuērunt
ēgērunt cēpērunt
audīvērunt
TRANSLATE: I sang/I have sung, you sang/you have sung, etc.

14. Latin Tutorial-Perfect tense