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Lecture (11)
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Clavicle AP & AP Axial Exposure Factors Patient position Erect
Kv mAs FFD (cm) Grid Focus Cassette 65 15 100 No Fine 24x30 cm Patient position Erect Part position Arms at side chin raised looking straight ahead For AP posterior shoulder contact with cassette For PA anterior shoulder contact with cassette and Chin raised up Expose on suspend expiration which help to elevate clavicle
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For AP& PA Perpendicular
Central Ray For AP& PA Perpendicular For AP axial either15-30 cephalic or Perpendicular with patient leaning backward 15-30 degrees Center Point Mid clavicle Structures shown Entire clavicle including both acromioclavicular And sternoclavicular joints
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Acromioclavicular joints AP Bilateral standing with & without weigh
Exposure Factors Kv mAs FFD (cm) Grid Focus Cassette 65 15 100 No Fine 24x30 cm Patient position Erect Part position Adjust mid point of cassette to level of A.C joints Center MSP to midline of cassette Patient should hold sandbags of equal weight in each hand Second radiograph must obtained without weight Expose on suspend expiration
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Central Ray Perpendicular Center Point Mid point between A.C joints Structures shown Both acromioclavicular joints, as well as entire clavicles and sternoclavicular joints
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Scapula & coracoids' process Basic Projection
Lateral AP Scapula Exposure Factors Kv mAs FFD (cm) Grid Focus Cassette 75 7 100 yes Fine 24x30 cm Patient position Erect or supine Part position Abduct arm and flex elbow Support arm near head Center scapular area to cassette ( 2 inches inferior to coracoid process
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Mid scapula( 2 inches inferior to coracoid process)
Central Ray Perpendicular Center Point Mid scapula( 2 inches inferior to coracoid process) Structures shown Lateral border of scapula free of superimposition Medial portion of scapula through the thoracic structures
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Erect or prone oblique (semi prone )
Lateral Scapula Exposure Factors Kv mAs FFD (cm) Grid Focus Cassette 80 15 100 No Fine 24x30 cm 85 28 Yes Patient position Erect or prone oblique (semi prone ) Part position Center affected scapula to cassette Extend affected arm across affected chest Adjust body so scapula in lateral and free from ribs cage Central Ray Perpendicular Center Point Mid vertebral border of scapula
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Lateral Scapula
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Lateral Scapula
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