1. Ethnic Conflicts 1960s-Present Day

2. India 1.Long Road to Independence (1947) 2.India a Divided Nation A. Caste System B. Hindu v Islam v Sikh C. Violence & Conflict 3. Push for Self-Rule & Partition A. India & Pakistan 4. India is world’s largest democracy A. First leader Nehru

3. Cambodia 1.US intrusions during Vietnam War A. Cambodia helps communists 2.Rise of Khmer Rouge A. Pol Pot B. Khmer Rouge takes over 3. Khmer Rouge Reign of Terror A. Targets many ethnicities & “enemies” B. 1975-1979 2.2 million killed 4.Vietnamese intervention & occupation (1979-1990s)

4. Myanmar (Burma) 1.British colony till 1948 2.Many Ethnic & Social Problems 3.Military Rule (1962- 2011?) 4.Aung San Sun Kyi

5. Africa 1.Pan-Africanism- unity of Africa (starts 1920s) 2.Rise of Independence after WWII A. Many Fought in WWII B. Resented 2 nd Class status C. Urbanization leads to Nationalism D. Atlantic Charter (1941) Self- Determination E. US & Soviets against colonialism 3. The Problem of African Borders

6. South Africa 1.Independence 1910 2.Led & Controlled by White Minority 3.Apartheid 4.Nelson Mandela 5.1994 End of Apartheid & Election of Mandela

7. Rwanda 1.Hutus (85%) & Tutsis (15%) 2.Historical hatred between groups 3.Shoot down of president’s plane 4.Genocide by Hutus of Tutsis (1994) A. Government led genocide B. Many took part C. 1 in 7 killed in Rwanda 5.Tutsi rebel army takes gov’t 6.UN Trials for Crimes against Humanity & War Crimes

8. Americas 1. Panama- importance of Canal A. US Invasion in 1989 2. Guatemala A. 1954 new leader Arbenz -land reform B. US Overthrow C. Civil War till 1990s D. This is common US reaction in Central America 3. Argentina A. Historically Wealthy B. Peron- Nationalism, Social Welfare, repression & Overthrow C. 1976-1983 Military Junta & “Dirty War” D. 1983 return to democracy

9. Middle East 1.Israel A. Israeli v Palestinian B. Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) led by Yasser Arafat C. Intifada D. Palestinian Self- Rule 2.Iraq A. Saddam Hussein B. Iran-Iraq War Atrocities C. Invasion of Kuwait- US Response D. Move against minorities in North & South E. US Involvement 3.Islamic Fundamentalism A. Iranian Revolution B. Sharia Laws C. Restrictions on Rights

10. Yugoslavia 1.1945-1990 Non-Aligned Communist Country 2.Disintegration of Country A. Serbia, Bosnia & Croatia - Orthodox Catholic v Muslim v Roman Catholic B. Serbian attempts to maintain control Led by Milosevic C. Civil War 3.Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia 4.Kosovo & Albanians 5.UN Intervention