1. Effect of sleep deprivation and driving duration on the useful visual field in younger and older subjects during simulator driving 學生：董瑩蟬

2. Purpose To Investigate the different age group,sleep deprivation and driving duration on the visual field varies.

3. Reference 年份學者得到結果 1996 2000 Seiple et al. Sekuler et al. Age may effect the peripheral signals in a dual task. 1986 1990 Sekuler et al. Ball et al. The older drives has poorer performance in the peripheral signal. 1993 2000 Ball et al. Sims et al. Visual problems have been associated with older driver in the accidents. 1990 2000 Ball et al. Myers et al. The useful visual field is the most important factor of the older drivers. 2002Muzet et al.The useful visual field deteriorates with duration of the test.

4. Method 1.Subjects 10 young age 18~30 (M=24,S.D=3.3) 9 older age 40~51 (M=45,S.D=3.7) 2.Equipment Driving simulator-PAVCAS Image place

5. Method 3.Independent variables (IVs) Duration of the test (first half-hour and second half-hour) Sleep deprivation Age 4.Dependent variables (DVs) Driving data analysis Percentage of correct responses in the central task Percentage of correct responses in the peripheral task

6. Method 5.Procedures Sleep deprivation-The day before the task at 22H stay in the lab until the next day morning.At 7H eat breakfast and 8H training. Without sleep deprivation-at 8H in the morning arrived lab. Training-four min use driving simulator 、 four min recognise the central task 、 five min learn the peripheral task. Follow a vehicle Task -staying at a distance of 36M. Central task-signal become darker. Peripheral task -detect a red point. The task lasted for 60 min

7. Results Driving data analysis Lateral instabilityLongitudinal instability DeprivationWith0.254(S.D=0.05)5.00(S.D=1.37) Without0.355(S.D=0.15)0.395(S.D=5.82) DurationFirst half-hour0.290(S.D=0.12)6.092(S.D=3.09) Second half-hours0.321(S.D=0.12)7.299(S.D=5.6) AgeYoung0.391(S.D=0.04)6.854(S.D=1.55) older0.290(S.D=0.05)6.542(S.D=1.03)

8. Results Analysis of the data obtained in the central task Percentage of correct responses * DeprivationWith61.8%(S.D=20.1)F(1,17)=38,p<0.000001 Without79.5%(S.D=13) * DurationFirst half-hour79.9%(S.D=13.5)F(1,17)=150,p<0.00001 Second half-hours61.4%(S.D=19.6) AgeYoung73.9%(S.D=4.9) older67.4%(S.D=8.6) * Ag e × duration F(1,17)=4.7,p=0.04

9. Results Analysis of the data obtained in the central task

10. Results Analysis of the data obtained in the peripheral task Percentage of correct responses *DeprivationWith43.5%(S.D=23.0)F(1,17)=26,p=0.00009 Without56.7%(S.D=20.9) *DurationFirst half-hour57.8%(S.D=21.2)F(1,17)=17.6,p=0.000 6 Second half-hours47%(S.D=24.2) *AgeYoung56.1%(S.D=13.6)F(1,17)=9.6,p=0.006 older44.1%(S.D=10.7) *AreaNear68.4%(S.D=15.2)F(2,34)=75,p=0.00000 1 Middle49.4%(S.D=18.5) Far32.5%(S.D=19.6) * Area × age F(2,34)=5.2,p=0.01 * Area × duration F(2,34)=4.1,p=0.02 * Area × deprivation

11. Results Analysis of the data obtained in the peripheral task

12. Results Analysis of the data obtained in the peripheral task

13. Results Analysis of the data obtained in the peripheral task

14. Discussion 年份學者得到結果本實驗結果 1997 2001 Giambra et al. Berard et al. The decrease in performance with duration of the test in the central task. 2002 Roge ’ et al. The visual field were deterioration when the prolongation of driving under monotonous conduction. 1986 2000 Sekuler et al. Secular et al. Young driver detect more peripheral signal than older driver. 1986 1990 Seklur et al. Ball et al. A tunnel vision conduction induced by age.

15. Discussion 年份學者得到結果本實驗結果 2000Myers et al.Older drivers neglect the most peripheral area of the road scene. 1990Brendel et al.Sleep deprivation induced a decrease in the ability to discriminate a critical signal in the central part of the visual field. 1995DingesThe response time and a slowing down of information processing in the attention tasks. 1990Brendel et al.The negative impact is more marked in younger than in older driver ’ s. The deterioration of the visual ability with sleep deprivation occurs whatever the driving ’ s age.

16. Conclusions The deterioration of the driver’s useful visual field when they are tired. Sleep deprivation and driving duration have negative effect on the visual field. Older drivers has poorer performance than younger drivers on the far peripheral signals.