1. Forming Cations and Anions
A metal has formed a positively charged ion (cation).
Al → Al3+ + 3e-
A nonmetal has formed a negatively charged ion (anion).
N + 3e- → N3-

2. Naming Cations and Anions
Name of cation is name of metal.
Al3+ aluminum
Name of anion is name of nonmetal slightly
changed.
N3- nitride

3. Simple Cations and Anions.
Cation
Name
Anion H+
hydrogen H-
hydride
Li+
lithium
O2-
oxide
Na+
sodium
S2-
sulfide
Mg2+
magnesium F-
fluoride
Ca2+
calcium
Cl-
chloride
Ag+
silver
Br-
bromide

4. Ionic Compounds (Main Group).
Formula
Name
NaCl
sodium chloride
Ca3N2
calcium nitride
KBr
potassium bromide
BaO
barium oxide
AlN
aluminum nitride

5. Formulas Using Main Group Elements
calcium nitride
Ca N3-
Ca3N2
cation always written first, anion second
criss-cross superscripts but not signs! 3 2

6. Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds.
Name
Formula
sodium chloride
NaCl
calcium nitride
Ca3N2
potassium bromide
KBr
barium oxide
BaO
aluminum nitride
AlN

7. Rules for Formula Writing
When the subscripts are 1, they are not
written.
When the subscripts are the same, they
are not written.
Signs (+/-) never appear with subscripts.

8. Cations of Transition Elements
A transitional metal forming a positively charged ion (cation).
Cu → Cu+ + e- Cu(I), cuprous
Cu → Cu2+ + 2e- Cu(II), cupric
Fe → Fe2+ + 2e- Fe(II), ferrous
Fe → Fe3+ + 3e- Fe(III), ferric

9. Cations of Transition Elements
Lower Valence
Higher Valence
chromium
Cr2+, chromous
Cr3+, chromic
tin
Sn2+, stannous
Sn4+, stannic
platinum
Pt2+, platinous
Pt4+, platinic
mercury
Hg22+, mercurous
Hg2+, mercuric
gold
Au+, aurous
Au3+, auric .

10. Binary Transition Ionic Compounds.
Name
Formula
stannic chloride
SnCl4
chromous nitride
Cr3N2
auric bromide
AuBr3
cupric oxide
CuO
cuprous oxide
Cu2O

11. Binary Transition Ionic Compounds.
Name
Formula
tin(IV) chloride
SnCl4
cromium(II) nitride
Cr3N2
gold(III) bromide
AuBr3
copper(II) oxide
CuO
copper(I) oxide
Cu2O

12. Ternary Compounds Ternary compounds are compounds made up
of three elements.
Many ternary compounds consists of a cation
and a polyatomic ion.
A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms
covalently bonded that have a charge.
All binary compounds end in –ide but not all
compounds ending in –ide are binary!

13. Ternary Compounds Formula Name CaSO4 calcium sulfate Al(NO3)3.
Formula
Name
CaSO4
calcium sulfate
Al(NO3)3
aluminum nitrate
CuSO4
copper(II) sulfate
Fe(IO3)3
iron(III) iodate

14. Ternary Compounds Name Formula sodium sulfate Na2SO4 mercuric nitrate.
Name
Formula
sodium sulfate
Na2SO4
mercuric nitrate
Hg(NO3)2
stannic chromate
Sn(CrO4)2
copper(II) phosphate
Cu3(PO4)2

15. Oxides Oxides are compounds containing oxygen
with an oxidation state (valence) of -2 (O2-).
CO, CO2, SO2
Oxygen can also react with active metals to
form peroxides (O22-)
Na2O2 - sodium peroxide
H2O2 - hydrogen peroxide

16. Hydrides Metallic hydrides are ionic compounds where
hydrogen has an oxidation state of -1.
The hydride ion, H-, is isoelectronic with He.
Depending on the chemical environment,
hydrogen can behave like a halogen (a highly
electronegative element).

17. Hydrides Hydrogen has a greater attraction for an
electron than an alkali or alkaline earth metal
to form hydrides.
NaH, LiH, CaH2
In ammonia, NH3, hydrogen has an oxidation
number (valence) of +1 even though it is
traditionally written is the nonmetal position.