1. Year 10 HISTORY
WORLD WAR II (1939–45)
Mr Flannery 10 History 2015

2. Chancellor
the head of a state or government in some European countries
Communism
a system of social organisation that prohibits private ownership and advocates communal ownership of property
Conscription
compulsory military service
Constitution
a set of rules that determines how an organisation, or a country, operates
ideology
the beliefs or attitudes held by an individual or a social group – these are often reflected in texts.
Interned
imprisonment during wartime

3. Nazi
a member of the German National Socialist political party (founded by Hitler)
Reparations
payments made after a war by the defeated nation to the nation/s that won the war
Sanctions
controls on trade in goods and services and financial restrictions against persons and entities designated by the Security Council of the United Nations
Sovereignty
the authority of a state to govern itself
Treaty
a formally concluded and ratified agreement between states.
Typhus
an infectious disease caused by Rickettsia bacteria, characterised by a purple rash, headaches, fever and usually delirium

4. After World War 1, the world became polarised by political movements including communism, fascism and Nazism, and the rise of leaders such as Mussolini in Italy, Hitler in Germany, Stalin in the Soviet Union and Tojo in Japan. The aggression of these leaders exploded into one of the most horrifying global conflicts of the 20th Century: World War 2.
Battles of dominance were fought in China, North Africa and South-East Asia, with two key ‘theatres of war’: Europe and the Asia-Pacific.
The war changed Australia and the world, with significant events including the Holocaust, battles of Britain and Stalingrad, the attack on Pearl Harbor, the bombing of Darwin, the defence of the Kokoda Track and the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan. World War 2 involved almost every nation in the world, costing more than 50 million lives over the course of 6 years.
What do I need to know?

5. Mass casualties
After WW1, people were horrified to learn that almost 9 million troops had died on both sides in that terrible conflict. Yet in little over 2 decades the world was again at war.
Between 1939 & 1945 WW2 cost the lives of around 62 million people.
World War 2 Was by far the deadliest conflict, not only in the 20th Century, but in human history.
In this war the number of civilian deaths was approximately double the number of military deaths, and more than a third of civilian deaths were deliberate killings in Japanese, Nazi and other fascist war crimes.
Approximately Australian soldiers, sailors and airmen and 700 civilians were killed in World War 2.

6. Rise of
Hitler
Nationalism
Militarism
Appeasement
Anti-
communism
Economic
depression
Japanese
expansionism
fascism in
Italy
Treaty of
Versailles
Major Causes of
World War II

7. Treaty of Versailles
After Germany lost WWI, the winning nations drafted a treaty to address issues such as territorial adjustments, reparations, armament restrictions, war guilt and the League of Nations.
The treaty punished Germany and left bitter feelings.
Germany was forced to accept all the blame for the war and pay millions in reparations to Britain and France.
Italy was disappointed that it was denied territory promised by Britain and France.
British Prime Minister George
Italian Prime Minister Orlando
French Prime Minister Clemenceau
U.S. President Wilson
“Big Four”

8. The Nazis’ rise to power
Three factors in particular helped the rise of the Nazis:
Resentment against the Treaty of Versailles (
The myth that Germany had been betrayed
The Great Depression

9. Worldwide Economic Depression
After WWI many European economies were unstable.
The boom in the U.S. throughout the 1920s helped sustain worldwide trade.
The 1929 stock market crash in the U.S. and the resulting Great Depression spread throughout the world. U.S. restrictive tariff policies worsened the depression.
As economies plummeted and unemployment rose, many people turned to powerful leaders and governments who promised success through military buildup and the conquest of territory.
German breadlines
Japanese children eating radish roots during famine

10. Economic Depression (in Germany)
The impact of the 1930s Depression
In the early 1920s Germany suffered hyperinflation, which wiped out the value of its currency.
Consequently the reparations payments (agreed upon in the treaty) were spread over a longer period and Germany was given loans to help rebuild its economy.
As the Great Depression spread through industrialised country from 1929, Germany was most severely affected. As foreign loans dried up, investment fell and by 1932 six million Germans were unemployed.

11. Voting for Hitler’s party increased as unemployment rates rose
In Germany, depression, unemployment and hard times led to a dramatic increase in votes for Hitler and the Nazi Party.
Election date
Votes in millions
Share
May 20, 1928
0.81
2.6%
September 14, 1930
6.41
18.3%
July 31, 1932
13.75
37.3%
November 6, 1932
11.74
33.1%
March 5, 1933
17.28
43.9%
Voting for Hitler’s party increased as unemployment rates rose

12. The fall of Germany’s democratic government
Coalition:
a temporary alliance for combined action, especially of political parties forming a government.
Socialism:
a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
When the Depression hit, Germany’s coalition government wanted to raise taxes on the rich to maintain payments to the unemployed. The non-socialist parties opposed this, so the coalition split and the government collapsed.
The communist party was becoming increasingly popular, as was the Nazi party.
People who feared communism saw this party as a good alternative.

13. A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933
Anti-Communism
Under communism, all means of production are controlled by the government, as are property, the media, and all other aspects of society.
The 1930s saw the rise of many totalitarian regimes; but most people chose fascism over communism.
Hitler exploited people’s fear of a communist takeover in Germany to rise to power in 1933.
A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933

14. Communication Question
How did the following factor’s help the rise of the Nazis?
Resentment against the conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles
The Great Depression

15. The basic ideas of the Nazi ideology
Only the strong survive
Hate communism as it is a Jewish ideology
The Germanic master race must defeat its racial enemies, especially the Jews
Germany must gain Lebensraum (living room) for its expanding population by taking land from non-Aryan races
The Fuhrerprinzip (leader principle) dictates that all opposition must be crushed and there must be total obedience to the leader.
Aryan:
In Nazi ideology, an Aryan person was the ideal physical specimen: non-Jewish and possessing strong Nordic features (tall, blonde hair, blue eyes)
The Nazi’s gained supporters through public spectacles such as the Nuremberg rallies, through controlling the media and through propaganda blaming Germany's problems on communists and Jews.

16. The source of Hitler’s power
A month after Hitler became Chancellor (prime minister of a right wing government), the Reighstag (German Parliament) was severely damaged by fire and the Nazis stirred up fears of a communist uprising.
Hitler persuaded President Hindenburg to issue a Decree for protection of People and State. This allowed for imprisonment without trial and abolition of freedom of the press, speech and assembly.
During the weeks preceding the March 1933 elections, The Nazis used the decree to restrict campaigning by other parties.
Despite their intimidation of voters, the Nazis won only 43.9% of the vote, so they formed a coalition with the small Nationalist Party and barred the communist from taking the seats they had won.
Finally Hitler’s government had the power to make laws and change the constitution as it wished.

17. Hitler appealed to almost all members of society
Hitler appealed to almost all members of society. He promised to take care of the workers and farmers, and to return the middle class to the good fortune and peace they remembered from their childhood.

19. Communication Question
What role did president Hindenburg play in Hitler’s rise to power?
What have you learned today?

20. Major Causes of WWII Treaty of Versailles Rise of Italian fascism
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Great Depression
Japanese expansionism
Anti-communism
Appeasement
Militarism
Nationalism
U.S. isolationism
Maps

21. How did the nature of global conflict change during the twentieth century?
What were the consequences of World War II?
How did these consequences change the modern world?
What was Australia’s involvement in World War II?
How was Australian society affected by other significant global events and changes in this period?

22. Japanese Expansionism
In 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria for raw materials.
The same year, Japan began to attack China, with full-scale war breaking out in 1937 in the Sino-Japanese War.
In 1938, war broke out between Japan and the Soviet Union in what were known as the Soviet-Japanese Border Wars.

23. Appeasement
Appeasement is the act of giving in to an enemy’s demands in hopes of avoiding further conflict.
In 1938, Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland to Germany. He claimed that the German population living there was being mistreated.
The British and French prime ministers agreed to Hitler’s demands without consulting Czechoslovakian leaders, in the hopes that this would avoid a war in Europe.

24. Ancient Sparta is an example of a militaristic society
Militarism
The glorification of war, in which a nation strengthens its military and stockpiles weapons in preparation for war.
An important aspect of militarism is that the glorification of war is incorporated into all levels of society, including education of the nation’s youth.
Militaristic societies have existed throughout human history.
Hitler Youth group
Ancient Sparta is an example of a militaristic society

25. The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Fascism is a totalitarian form of government which:
Glorifies the state
Has one leader and one party
All aspects of society are controlled by the government
No opposition or protests are tolerated
Propaganda and censorship are widely practiced
Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 and helped found the political ideology of fascism. He sided with the Axis powers in 1940.

26. Nazi flag, Italian fascist logo, Japanese flag
Nationalism
Nationalism is the belief in the superiority of one’s own nation over all others.
In the extreme, it can lead to major conflicts between nations.
Hitler, Mussolini, and Japan’s Tojo each touted their nation’s ability to dominate all others in the years leading up to WWII.
Nazi flag, Italian fascist logo, Japanese flag

27. American Isolationism
The failure of peace efforts such as the Kellogg Briand Treaty during the 1920s disillusioned many Americans about international involvement.
The U.S. was in a major depression throughout the 1930s and was mostly concerned with its own problems.
Conflict in Europe seemed distant, and the U.S. tried to remain neutral. This policy weakened the European democracies.
The Nye Committee held congressional hearings in the mid-1930s, concluding that the U.S. was tricked into entering WWI by arms manufacturers and Allied propaganda.

28. Theatres of War: Where WWII Was Fought
Europe
Atlantic Ocean
Asia
North Africa
Pacific

29. HITLER’S WWII AXIS PARTNERS

30. THE ALLIED POWERS IN WWII
India
Brazil
These are the nations that had a substantial number of soldiers involved in the fighting.
THE ALLIED POWERS IN WWII

31. Reference List