1. Chapter 14: Modernism

2. A Turbulent Century Quantum Mechanics – Atomic scientists concluded that sub- atomic particles behave like matter at times and at others they behave like light.

3. A Turbulent Century Quantum Mechanics – Albert Einstein proposed the theory of relativity in 1905.

4. A Turbulent Century Quantum Mechanics – Werner Heisenberg developed the “uncertainty” principle.

5. A Turbulent Century World War I (1914-1918) – It began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the alliance system. – It was the first war to see mechanized warfare.

6. A Turbulent Century World War I (1914-1918) – The Russian Revolution It began in October of 1917. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the czar and established a socialist government.

7. A Turbulent Century Fascism – It was developed by Benito Mussolini of Italy. – The concept invigorated the state over the individual at the expense of individual rights.

8. A Turbulent Century Fascism – Hitler’s contribution was to add the idea of ubermenshen or racial superiority.

9. A Turbulent Century The Great Depression – It was triggered by the global economy and the collapse of the American stock market.

10. A Turbulent Century The Great Depression – Franklin D. Roosevelt beings a number of social changes to reinsure the American public. Fireside Chats New Deal also employed artists and writers.

11. Modernism In Art Modernism is defined as more attitude than a coherent style or philosophy. Taoist Modernist, Beatrice Mandelman

12. Modernism In Art Pablo Picasso – He was heavily influenced by primitivism. – His first major work was Les Demoiselles d’Avignon.

13. Modernism In Art Pablo Picasso – His style is eventually classified as cubism, where natural shape is converted into geometric shape and angles. Weeping Woman

14. Modernism In Art Pablo Picasso – Cubist, following Picasso’s movement, developed the collage, using newspaper and glue. Mike Alcantara

15. Modernism In Art Futurists – This movement began with no object or subject at all, leading to what was termed abstraction. Teresa Young

16. Modernism In Art Expressionism – Henri Matisse He was considered one of the masters of the fauve or the unbridled use of color in his subjects. Le Bonheur de Vivre

17. Modernism In Art Expressionism – Dada It was the response to World War I. Life no longer made sense so neither should art.

18. Modernism In Art Expressionism – Dada Photomontage became a popular form of expression.

19. Modernism In Art Expressionism – Dada Marcel Duchamp – He pioneered readymades, everyday objects that he would assemble in a new way or form.

20. The Modern Mind Sigmund Freud – He revolutionized psychology with his work The Interpretation of Dreams.

21. The Modern Mind Surrealism – This was developed by artists who embraced Freud’s conceptual theories.

22. The Modern Mind Surrealism – Joan Miro The Smile of Flamboyant Wings

23. The Modern Mind Surrealism – Salvador Dali Metamorphosis of Narcissus

24. The Modern Mind Literature – Virginia Woolf developed the technique known as the interior monologue or stream of consciousness.

25. The Modern Mind Literature – James Joyce He was the most influential modern novelist. His greatest work is Ulysses.

26. The Modern Mind Literature – T. S. Elliot He was the most influential modernist poet. His most important work was The Waste Land.

27. The Modern Mind Literature – Franz Kafka His writing led to the creation of the term “Kafkaesque” to describe insane-nightmarish worlds. His most famous work is Die Verwandlung (The Metamorphosis).

28. Modern Music Igor Stravinsky – Developed the idea of employing numerous meters as opposed to a single meter.

29. Modern Music Arnold Schoenberg – He developed the concept of atonal music or music not composed in a musical key. – Serial Composition 12 chromatic tones Tone-rows

30. Modern Building & Design Bauhaus – The structure was created by Walter Gropius – Principles Clean Functional Modern

31. Modern Building & Design Art Deco – This style combined sleek, simple shapes, with distinctive motifs. The Chrysler Building

32. Art & Politics Bertolt Brecht – His theater innovation was to break up action with song or narrative commentary.

33. Art & Politics Political Painters – Mexican National Identity Jose Clemente Orozco The Clowns of War Arguing in Hell

34. Art & Politics Political Painters – Mexican National Identity Diego Rivera El Vendedor De Alcatraces

35. Art & Politics Political Painters – Mexican National Identity David Siqueiros The People in Arms

36. Art & Politics Political Painters – Picasso’s Guernica which portrayed the German bombing of the city of Guernica.

37. Art & Politics Cinema – D. W. Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation

38. Art & Politics Cinema – Leni Riefenstahl’s The Triumph of the Will

39. American Flavor Alfred Stieglitz – He pioneered “straight” photography that captured visual truth without manipulation or influence of the other arts. Wet Day

40. American Flavor Harlem Renaissance – This was the 1920s period that saw African- Americans contributing to the artistic movement.

41. American Flavor Harlem Renaissance – W. E. B. Du Bois is commonly regarded as the intellectual father of the movement.

42. American Flavor Harlem Renaissance – Jazz This musical innovation focuses on improvisation with a characteristic “swing” rhythm.

43. American Flavor Harlem Renaissance – Jazz Louis Armstrong – He is generally regarded as the impresario of jazz. – He created scat singing (nonsensical syllable vocals).

44. American Flavor Game Changers – Isadora Duncan champions free interpretative dance in classical ballet.

45. American Flavor Game Changers – Frank Lloyd Wright He is commonly regarded as the greatest architect of the modern ear for his organic style. Waterfall