1. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
TECHNOLOGY IN ELT
CHAPTER 1
COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
&
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
MURNI SALINA
B.Sc. Ed (TESL) UTM, Skudai M’sia

2. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

3. An information system has five parts :
1. People
The most important part as they make end-users more productive.

4. An information system has five parts :
2. Procedures
Refer to rules or guidelines people follow when using software, hardware and data.
Documented in manuals written by computer specialists.
Provided by software/hardware manufacturers of the product.

5. An information system has five parts :
3. Software
Computer software is the term for programmes or sets of computer instructions.
Written in special computer language that enable a computer to accomplish a given task.
It consists of step-by-step instructions, which the computer can use to convert data into information.

6. An information system has five parts :
4. Hardware
Computer components that are physical, touchable pieces or equipment.
It consists of the system unit, input/output, secondary storage and communication devices.
4 types of computers :
1. Supercomputers – the most powerful type of computers.
2. Mainframe – occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms.
3. Minicomputers – desk-sized machines used for specific purposes.
4. Microcomputers – include the desktop, notebook and personal digital assistant.

7. An information system has five parts :
5. Data
Raw, unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images and sounds.
Data describes something that is stored electronically in a file.
Examples :
Document files created by word processors
Worksheet files crated by spreadsheets
Database file created by database management programmes
Presentation files created by presentation graphics programmes

8. COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
A computer system has three main components :
Hardware
Software
Warmware
A computer system performs 4 important tasks (Sharp, 2005:35)
Receiving input : figures, facts or sets of instructions
Storing information : place in memories
Processing the data : act on the information
Outputing the information : process and generate results

9. 4 MAIN ASPECTS OF DATA HANDLING
1. Input devices
- accept data or commands in a form that the computer can use: they send the data or commands to the processing unit.
2. The Processor
- known as CPU, has electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into information that people require. The CPU execute computer instructions.
3. Output Devices
- display the people the processed data; information in understandable and usable form
4. Storage
- means secondary storage; consists of secondary storage devices such as hard disk, diskettes, pendrives.
- can store data and programmes outside the computer itself.
- these devices supplement memory or primary storage, can hold data or programmes temporarily.

10. 1. What is Input?
Input refers to any data or instructions that are used by a computer. All computer processing requires data.
Whenever you use computer or application software, you are providing input. You typically use a keyboard to type text and a mouse to issue commands.

11. Input Devices Keyboard Mouse Joystick Touch Screen Light Pen Scanner
Bar code readers
Digital cameras
Video cameras
Graphic tablets
Voice recognition systems

12. 2. What is Process?
The computer manipulates the data to create information.
Information refers to data processed into a form that has meaning and is useful.

13. Processing Devices/System Units
Mother board/System
CPU/Microprocessor
Memory – RAM, ROM
Expansion Slots and Cards
System Clock
Bus Lines
Ports and Cables

14. What is Output? Is a processed data or information.
Output devices provide output to people by translating what the computer has processed into a form that people can understand and use.

15. Output Devices Monitor – CRT, LCD LCD projector Video scan converter
Printer

16. 4. What is Storage?
Information can be stored in a computer for future use.
All computers have a hard disk drive to store programmes and data.

17. Storage Devices Hard Disk Removable Disks Floppy Drive CD-ROM, R, RW
DVD-ROM, R, RW
Pen Drive, Thumb Drive, Zip Drive
External Hard Disk

18. TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

19. Visualize these components and draw them!
Keyboard
Mouse
Monitor
Speaker
Webcam
Printer
CPU
Mother board
Slot Card
RAM
USB port
PS2 port
Parallel port
Serial port
Floppy Drive

20. APPLICATION SOFTWARE

21. 2 CATEGORIES 1. General-purpose - also known as basic applications
- includes browsers, word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems and presentation graphics.
2. Special-purpose
- also known as advanced applications, include multimedia, web authoring, graphics, virtual reality, artificial intelligence

22. 4 general-purpose software
Word processors
Spreadsheets
Database Management Systems
Presentation Graphics