1. Green Chemistry as a tool to prevent
Pharmaceutical Hazards and Pollution
Dr. Gannu Praveen Kumar M. Pharm., PhD
Professor and Principal
Department of Pharmaceutics
Sahasra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
CDSCO

2. Industrial Chemistry

3. Chemical Industry Output

4. Chemical Industry Output

5. Growing incidence of environmental accidents

6. E-Factors across the chemical Industry
Mass Intensity = mass of all materials used excluding water/mass of product kg (kg product)
Solvent Intensity = mass of all solvent used excluding water/mass of product k g (kg product)
% Solvent Intensity = mass of all solvent/mass intensity kg (kg product)
Water Intensity = mass of all water used/mass of product = kg (kg product)
E factor = Total mass of waste produced/Total mass of product produced

7. Solvent usage for APIs Synthesis

8. Green Chemistry
Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances.
Application: to advance the implementation of green chemistry and engineering principles into all aspects of the chemical enterprise
Education and Research
Education
Industrial Implementation
Examples!

9. Green Chemistry = Pharmaceutical Hazard & Pollution Free
“Green chemistry is the science that introduces new substances into the world and we have a responsibility for their impact in the world.”

10. Fundamentals of Green Chemistry
Increase awareness and understanding of green chemistry principles, alternatives, practices and benefits.
Integrate the principles of Green Chemistry & Green Engineering into the curricula.
Equip chemists to meet tomorrow’s scientific challenges.
Risk = f(Hazard*Exposure)
Target audiences: public, academia, industry
We believe that through green chemistry education, chemists will be better equipped to develop an environmentally and economically sustainable chemical enterprise.

11. Principles of Green Chemistry
CATEGORY
METHODS
EXAMPLES
Prevention
Waste prevention is better than treatment or clean-up
Use of solvent less sample preparation techniques
Atom Economy
Chemical synthesis should maximize the incorporation of all starting materials
Hydrogenation of carboxlic acid to aldehydes using solid catalysts
Less Hazardous Syntheses
Chemical synthesis ideally should use and generate non-hazardous substances
Adipic acid synthesis by oxidation of cyclohexene using hydrogen peroxide
Design Safer Chemicals
Chemical products should be designed to be nontoxic
New less hazardous pesticides
Design for Energy Efficiency
Energy demands in chemical syntheses should be minimized
Polyolefins-polimer alternative to PWC (polymerization may be carried with lower energy consumption)
Safer Solvents and Auxillaries
The use of auxiliaries should be minimized
Supercritical fluid extraction, synthesis in ionic liquids
Inherently Safer Chemistry
Substances should have minimum potential for accidents
Di-Me carbonate (DMC) is an environmentally friendly substitute for di-Me sulfate and Me halides in methylation reactions
Renewable Feedstocks
Raw materials increasingly should be renewable
Production of surfactants
Reduce Derivatives
Derivations should be minimized
On-fiber derivatization vs derivatization in solution in sample preparation
Catalysis
Catalysts are superior to reagents
Efficient Au(III)-cata;yzed synthesis of b-enaminones from 1,3-dicarbonyl compds. And amines
Design for Degradation
Chemical products should break down into innocuous products
Synthesis of biodegradable polymers
Real-time Analysis
Chemical processes require better control
Use of in-line analyzers for wastewater monitoring

12. Green Chemistry Patents

13. Number of publications

14. Key Factors Driving Adoption of Green Chemistry

15. Sustainable Business Processes

16. Rowan Solvent Greeness Scoring Index
Weighted Solvent Greenness Index Solvent = (OSI10⋅solvent ) (Masssolvent)
Total Process Greenness Index =Σ Weighted Solvent Greenness Indexsolvent
• Inhalation Toxicity − Threshold Limit Value ( TLV ) • Ingestion Toxicity • Biodegradation
• Carcinogenicity • Half – Life
• Global Warming Potential

17. Greenness scores for commonly used solvents

18. Solvent usage in the development of Sildenafil

19. Waste generation per kilogram of Sitagliptin produced

20. Dichloromethane use at small molecule discovery sites

21. Importance of Green Chemistry in Nanotechnology
In recent years, the development of efficient green chemistry methods
for synthesis of nanoparticles has become a major focus of researchers.
An eco-friendly technique for production of well-characterized
nanoparticles.
Production of metal nanoparticles using organisms ( living or
dead)
Plants seem to be the best candidates and they are suitable for large-
scale biosynthesis of nanoparticles.
Nanoparticles produced by plants are more stable and the rate of
synthesis is faster than in the case of microorganisms.

22. Life-Cycle of Nanomaterials

23. Manufacturing methods used in nanoparticle synthesis

24. Some Important Synthetic Methods
Metallic Nanoparticles
Some Important Synthetic Methods
Gold
Chemical reduction of salts; Biological synthesis
Sliver
Microemulsion; Biological synthesis
Palladium
Chemical reduction; Biological synthesis
Zinc Oxide
Magnetitie
Copper
Indium Oxide
Microemulsion; Biological Synthesis

25. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

26. Surface Modification of Nanoparticles

27. Metallic Nanoparticles

28. Magnetic Nanoparticles

29. Separation of magnetic colloidal carriers

30. Applications

31. Green Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Industry

32. Green Pharmaceutical Industry Design

33. Conclusion The Unique Green Chemistry Applications:
Non-toxic manufacture of metallic nanoparticles
Solvent Consumption Reduction
Safer Environment
Cost Reduction

34. Thank You