1. Functional Groups  A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions.  In other words, a substituent group other than an alkyl group.  Most organic chemistry is functional- group chemistry.  We will do one functional group.  A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions.  In other words, a substituent group other than an alkyl group.  Most organic chemistry is functional- group chemistry.  We will do one functional group.

2. Alcohols  The functional group hydroxyl (OH) is responsible for the class of organic compounds known as alcohols  C-C-C-OH  The OH group is not a hydroxide group because it is covalently bonded. It is not a polyatomic ion in this case  The functional group hydroxyl (OH) is responsible for the class of organic compounds known as alcohols  C-C-C-OH  The OH group is not a hydroxide group because it is covalently bonded. It is not a polyatomic ion in this case

3. Naming alcohols  The ending changes to -ol.  Example - C-C-C-OH - 1-propanol  If more than one alcohol group the prefix is placed in front of the ending.  Example - OH-C-C-OH - 1,2-ethandiol  The general name for alcohols with 2 or more OH groups is glycol.  Example - 1,2-ethandiol is aka ethylene glycol - aka - anti-freeze - know this.  The ending changes to -ol.  Example - C-C-C-OH - 1-propanol  If more than one alcohol group the prefix is placed in front of the ending.  Example - OH-C-C-OH - 1,2-ethandiol  The general name for alcohols with 2 or more OH groups is glycol.  Example - 1,2-ethandiol is aka ethylene glycol - aka - anti-freeze - know this.

4. d. e. 1-butanol 2-propanol 2-methyl-1-butanol 2-butanol 2-methyl-2-propanol

5. Naming alcohols  Alcohols attached to benzene are known as phenols. Just be able to recognize a phenol OH

6. more on alcohols  Alcohols are similar to water in that they are polar.  Up to 4 carbons alcohols are very soluble. After that the nonpolar part of the molecule has a greater effect.  Rubbing alcohol - know the general name and iupac name.  Alcohols are similar to water in that they are polar.  Up to 4 carbons alcohols are very soluble. After that the nonpolar part of the molecule has a greater effect.  Rubbing alcohol - know the general name and iupac name.

7. more on alcohols  The alcohol in alcoholic beverages is ethanol. Know its iupac and common name and structure.  Denatured alcohol - used in industry  ethanol that has had a poison added to it  methanol is usually the poison - C-OH  10 ml will blind you30 ml will kill you  The alcohol in alcoholic beverages is ethanol. Know its iupac and common name and structure.  Denatured alcohol - used in industry  ethanol that has had a poison added to it  methanol is usually the poison - C-OH  10 ml will blind you30 ml will kill you

8. polymerization  Polymer - large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of repeating smaller molecules.  Monomer - the molecule that combines to form repeating units  Unsaturated monomers react to form a polymer  Polymer - large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of repeating smaller molecules.  Monomer - the molecule that combines to form repeating units  Unsaturated monomers react to form a polymer

9. polymerization example  monomer polymer polyethylene -referigerator dishes, plastic milk bottles, lab bottles,etc. Other common polymers - polyester, nylon

10. PVC Replace one H with a Cl and you have PVC Polyvinyl Chloride monomer polymer H H H C=C C-C-C-C-C-C H Cl Cl H Cl H Replace one H with a Cl and you have PVC Polyvinyl Chloride monomer polymer H H H C=C C-C-C-C-C-C H Cl Cl H Cl H