1. BIAS DETECTION

2. WHAT IS BIAS Inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair. To cause partiality or favoritism; to influence, especially unfairly:

3. WHAT DO YOU SEE?

4. WHEN SEARCHING FOR BIAS… When searching for bias always ask the following: Who wrote/created the source? Who were they writing/creating this for? (In other words who was the intended audience?) When was the source written/created?

5. TAKE A LOOK AGAIN?

6. WAS THIS ERROR UNCONSCIOUS OR DELIBERATE? When searching for bias ask the same 3 questions? Answers -Who wrote/created the source? (Gerardus Mercator, Belgium cartographer) - When did they write/create the source? (1569) - Who were they writing/creating this for? (Europeans During the Age of Exploration)

7. MERCATOR PROJECTION The Mercator projection map creates major distortions of size as you move away from the equator. The closer to the poles the more severe the distortion becomes. Cartographers refer to the inability to compare size on a Mercator projection as "the Greenland Problem." Greenland appears to be nearly the same size as Africa, yet Africa's land mass is actually fourteen times larger. This practice results in the Northern Hemisphere appearing much larger than it really is. Typically, the cropping technique results in a map showing the equator about 60% of the way down the map.

8. IS IT BIAS OR PERSPECTIVE? This was convenient, psychologically and practically, throughout the eras of colonial domination when most of the world powers were European. It suited Europeans to maintain an image of the world with themselves at the center and looking much larger than it really was. With so many other projections to chose from, why is it that today the Mercator projection is still such a widely recognized image used to represent the globe?

9. WHAT IS A VANDAL? Describe a vandal. In actuality the term is derived from an East Germanic tribe who were monumental in the destruction of many artifacts and buildings during the sacking of Rome.

10. WHAT IS A BARBARIAN? Describe the characteristics of a barbarian. The term was actually created by the Greeks to describe those who were not Greek. Those who are not Greek are therefore barbarians. Are you a barbarian?

11. WHAT IS A VILLAIN? Describe a villain in history. Actually the term what popularized during the Middle Ages and was used to describe individuals who were tied to land or villa. Villains were citizens that were not members of a distinguished or chivalrous class. Is your local farmer a villain?

12. THE BIG SO WHAT… What can you take away from this presentation about history in general? How does this lesson apply to this course?