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Published byLenard Summers Modified over 9 years ago
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ENDOCRINE VS. NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Function? Coordinate body functions (Both) Often work together
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Method? Use chemical messengers Nervous system: neurotransmitters Endocrine: hormones
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Target? Both deal with receptor specificity! Nervous: Other adjacent neurons, effectors (glands, muscles) Specific! Very local target, w/ specific NT receptors Endocrine: Cells throughout the body Global release of message, but specific response Like a radio broadcast, it requires a receiver (receptor) to get the message
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Speed? Nervous: Fast! (meters per second) Endocrine: Slow(er), more prolonged May affect same cell, adjacent cell, cell on other side of body
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Example: simple endocrine pathway & negative feedback
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Example: simple neurohormone pathway & positive feedback
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Nervous & Endocrine systems linked Hypothalamus = “master nerve control center” nervous system receives information from nerves around body about internal conditions releasing hormones: regulates release of hormones from pituitary Pituitary gland = “master gland” endocrine system secretes broad range of “tropic” hormones regulating other glands in body hypothalamus pituitary posterior anterior
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Thyroid gland hypothalamus anterior pituitary gonadotropic hormones: follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH) Mammary glands in mammals Muscles of uterus Kidney tubules posterior pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Adrenal cortex Bone and muscle Testes Ovaries Melanocyte in amphibian adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) oxytocin prolactin (PRL) growth hormone (GH) tropic hormones = target endocrine glands
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Regulation of Blood Calcium blood calcium level (10 mg/100mL) calcitonin parathyroid hormone (PTH) Ca ++ uptake in intestines high low kidney reabsorption of Ca ++ bones release Ca ++ kidney reabsorption of Ca ++ Ca ++ deposited in bones activated Vitamin D thyroid parathyroid
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liver pancreas liver Regulation of Blood Sugar blood sugar level (90mg/100ml) insulin body cells take up sugar from blood liver stores glycogen reduces appetite glucagon pancreas liver releases glucose triggers hunger high low beta cells alpha cells
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