1. Plant Propagation
18.00: Apply different methods of plant propagation as related to horticultural plant production

2. Objective 18.01
Summarize both sexual and asexual methods of plant propagation and the advantages and disadvantages of each.

3. Propagation The multiplication of a kind or species.
Reproduction of a species.

4. Sexual Propagation Propagation from seeds.
Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma.
Fertilization occurs and seeds are produced.

5. Germination Rates Percent of seeds that sprout
75 out of 100=75%
Rate is affected by seed viability, temperature and moisture.
Rates vary depending on plant and quality of seed.

6. Seeds Plant depth depends on the size of seeds
larger seeds are planted deeper
water small seeds from bottom by soaking
Embryo
Seed Coat
Endosperm

7. Seedlings (small plants)
Transplant when first true leaves appear
Reduce humidity and water and make environment more like outside to “harden off” plants

8. Seeds to Seedlings

9. Advantages of Sexual Reproduction
Fast way to get many plants
Easy to do
Economical

10. Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction
Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce true to parents
Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds

11. Asexual Reproduction Uses growing plant parts other than seeds
Types of asexual reproduction:
cuttings
layering
division or separation
budding
grafting
tissue culture

12. Rooting from Cuttings Rooting media should be about 4 inches deep
Best time of day is early mornings because plants have more moisture
Types of cuttings:
stem
leaf
root

13. Stem Cuttings Using a small piece of stem to reproduce plants
using hormones and dipping in fungicides help speed up rooting

14. Leaf cuttings Using small pieces of leaves to reproduce new plants
from herbaceous plants
vein must be cut

15. Gather all materials needed
Stem Cuttings-Step 1
Gather all materials needed

16. Cut 3 to 4 inch shoot from stem tip
Stem Cuttings-Step 2
Cut 3 to 4 inch shoot from stem tip

17. Remove lower leaves from the shoot
Stem Cuttings-Step 3
Remove lower leaves from the shoot

18. Dip cut surface in rooting hormone
Stem Cuttings-Step 4
Dip cut surface in rooting hormone

19. Thoroughly moisten rooting medium
Stem Cuttings-Step 5
Thoroughly moisten rooting medium

20. Stick one or more cuttings in rooting media
Stem Cuttings-Step 6
Stick one or more cuttings in rooting media

21. Stem Cuttings-Step 7
Cover with plastic wrap or place on a mist bench in a warm area away from direct sunlight.

22. Once rooted, cuttings can be separated carefully and transplanted
Stem Cuttings-Step 8
Once rooted, cuttings can be separated carefully and transplanted

23. Root Cuttings Using small pieces of roots to reproduce plants
should be three inches apart in rooting area

24. Layering Scarring a small area of stem to produce new plants
air layering
trench layering

25. Trench Layering

26. Division or Separation
Cutting or pulling apart plant structures for reproduction
bulbs
corms
rhizomes
tubers
runners
stolons
suckers

27. Bulbs

28. Grafting
Joining separate plant parts together so that they form a union and grow together to make one plant.
Wedge Graft
Approach Graft

29. Grafting Terms Scion-the piece of plant at the top of the graft
Rootstock-the piece of the plant at the root or bottom of the graft

30. Methods of Grafting If the scion and rootstock are the same size wedge
splice
whip and tongue
approach

31. Methods of Grafting If the scion is smaller than the rootstock cleft
side
notch
bark inlay

32. Budding A form of grafting when a bud is used patch budding T-budding
Chip Budding
Chip Budding

33. How to perform T-budding
Step 2
Step 4
Step 1
Step 3

34. Tissue Culture
Using a small amount of plant tissue to grow in a sterile environment
The most plants in a short time
True to parent plant

35. Advantages of Asexual Production
Plants mature in a shorter time
Budding is faster than grafting
In trench layering, a plant forms at each node on a covered stem
Some plants do not produce viable seed
New plants are the same as the parent plant

36. Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction
Some require special equipment and skills, such as grafting
Cuttings detach plant parts from water and nutrient source
Some plants are patented making propagation illegal