1. Will Copenhagen Open a Door for Taiwan ? Chi-Jen Yang Research Scientist Center on Global Change Duke University

2. Worldwide CO 2 Emission

3. UNFCCC Article 20 This Convention shall be open for signature by States Members of the United Nations or of any of its specialized agencies or that are Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice and by regional economic integration organizations…from 20 June 1992 to 19 June 1993. Taiwan

4. UNFCCC Article 22 The Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by States and by regional economic integration organizations…. Taiwan

5. Kyoto Protocol Article 24 This Protocol shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the Convention. Taiwan

6. CO 2 per capita Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2009.

7. GDP per capita

8. Why would Taiwan want to reduce GHG? To be a responsible member in global community Alarming experiences in the past CITES 1994 trade sanction over tigers and rhino Montreal Protocol Trade sanction to non-parties

9. Kyoto Annex-I-style Commitment for Taiwan? Source: Taiwan EPA

10. GHG Reduction Bill under review in the legislature would authorize TEPA to regulate GHG Performance standards Cap-and-trade scheme would not obligate TEPA to a pre-specified target of reduction—leave the decision to TEPA

11. GHG Emission Targets Short-term (2016-2020): to return to 2008 levels Mid-term (2025): to 2000 levels Long-term (2050): to 50% of 2000 levels

12. Stepwise Strategy Stage II One year after the Act Stage III Three years after the Act Stage IV TEPA implements in accordance with international development Cap-and-Trade GHG performance standards, permit and offset Voluntary inventory reporting,, EIA offset Mandatory inventory reporting, voluntary reduction Stage I Before the Act Designated sources and new entrants Target setting by TEPA; Action plan by relevant authorities Voluntary Participation

13. EU Post-Kyoto Vision OECD-wide carbon market by 2015. Include major emerging economies (Taiwan?) by 2020. Eventually, a global carbon market.

14. Is there a way to fit Taiwan in? World Health Assembly (WHA) model World Trade Organization (WTO) model WCPF Convention model

15. WHA Model 1997–2001: Taiwan applied for WHA observer as “Republic of China (Taiwan)”, failed due to strong opposition from PRC. 2002: applied as “Taiwan”, failed again. 2003: as “Health authorities of Taiwan”, failed. 2004–2008: as “Taiwan”, all failed. 2009: at the request of PRC, WHA invited “Chinese Taipei” to be an observer.

16. WTO Model Accession rule: any state or customs territory having full autonomy in the conduct of its trade policies may join the WTO Taiwan joined WTO as “Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu” in 2002.

17. WCPF Convention Convention for the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Any fishing entity…may…agree to be bound by the regime established by this Convention. Such fishing entity shall participate in the work of the Commission…and shall comply with the obligations under this Convention.

18. WCPF Convention: Record of Fishing Vessels

19. Does 1% matter? 1% = 47 million passenger cars = 23 million homes = 58 million acres of forest

21. Acknowledgement Dr. Hui-Chen Chien Deputy Director-General Department of Air Quality Protection and Noise Control Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration