1. Board Notes Mr. Buttell APUSH WBHS
The South Expands
Slavery & Society,
Board Notes Mr. Buttell APUSH WBHS

2. Antebellum
Southern
Society

3. Characteristics of the Antebellum South
Primarily agrarian.
Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.”
“Cotton Is King!” * 1860 5 mil. bales a yr (57% of total US exports).
Very slow development of industrialization.
Rudimentary financial system.
Inadequate transportation system.

4. Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy” [plantation owners]
6,000,000
The “Plain Folk” [white yeoman farmers]
Black Freemen
250,000
Black Slaves 3,200,000
Total US Population  23,000,000 [9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

5. Southern Population

6. Antebellum
Southern
Economy

7. Southern Agriculture

8. Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860

9. Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports

10. The South's
"Peculiar
Institution"

11. Slave Auction Notice, 1823

12. Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856

13. Slave Accoutrements
Slave Master Brands
Slave muzzle

14. Anti-Slave Pamphlet

15. Antebellum
Southern
Plantation Life

16. Slave-Owning Population (1850)

17. A Real Georgia Plantation

18. US Laws Regarding Slavery
U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2]
1793  Fugitive Slave Act.
1850  stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

19. Southern Slavery--> An Aberration?
1780s: 1st antislavery society created in Phila.
By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state.
1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy.
1820s: newly indep. Republics of Central & So. America declared their slaves free.
1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire.
1844: slavery abolished in the Fr. colonies.
1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated.

20. Slavery Was Less Efficient in the U. S. than Elsewhere
High cost of keeping slaves from escaping.
GOAL  raise the “exit cost.”
Slave patrols.
Southern Black Codes.
Cut off a toe or a foot.

21. Slave
Resistance
&
Uprisings

22. Slave Resistance Refusal to work hard, by feigning illness.
Isolated acts of sabotage, breaking tools.
Escape via the Underground Railroad.

23. Runaway Slave Ads

24. Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages
The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

25. Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South
Gabriel Prosser 1800
1822

26. Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South: Nat Turner, 1831

27. The Culture of Slavery
Black Christianity [Baptists or Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals.
“Pidgin” or Gullah languages.
Nuclear family with extended kin links, where possible.
Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals].

28. Southern Pro-Slavery Propaganda

29. Abolitionist Movement
1816  American Colonization Society created (gradual, voluntary emancipation.
British Colonization Society symbol

30. Anti-Slavery Alphabet

31. William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)
Slavery & Masonry undermined republican values.
Immediate emancipation with NO compensation.
Slavery was a moral, not an economic issue.
R2-4

32. Premiere issue  January 1, 1831
The Liberator
Premiere issue  January 1, 1831
R2-5

33. Other White Abolitionists
Lewis Tappan
James Birney
Liberty Party.
Ran for President in & 1844.
Arthur Tappan

34. Black Abolitionists David Walker (1785-1830)
1829  Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites.

35. Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
1845  The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass
1847  “The North Star”
R2-12

36. Sojourner Truth (1787-1883) or Isabella Baumfree
1850  The Narrative of Sojourner Truth
R2-10

37. Harriet Tubman (1820-1913) “Moses” Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.
$40,000 bounty on her head.
Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.
“Moses”

38. Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground Railroad

39. The Underground Railroad