1. Bell Ringer – 3/27/08 In paragraph form, explain African American social organizations formed for the “black elite” and college students during the early 20 th Century.

2. The Great Migration The movement of African Americans in great numbers from the rural South to the urban North between 1910 and 1940 The movement of African Americans in great numbers from the rural South to the urban North between 1910 and 1940 From 1910-1940, 1.75 million black people left the South From 1910-1940, 1.75 million black people left the South

3. Reasons to Migrate North Boll weevils (beetles) had infected cotton fields all over the South Boll weevils (beetles) had infected cotton fields all over the South 1,000s of jobs in steel mills, railroads, meatpacking plants, and auto factories were available in the North 1,000s of jobs in steel mills, railroads, meatpacking plants, and auto factories were available in the North Jim Crow laws in the South Jim Crow laws in the South Better education opportunities in the North Better education opportunities in the North

4. The Chicago Defender Chicago’s black newspaper, the Defender, encourage black southerners to move north Chicago’s black newspaper, the Defender, encourage black southerners to move north The Defender was distributed by railroad all over the South The Defender was distributed by railroad all over the South In defense of Chicago’s cold winters: “To die from the bite of frost is far more glorious than that of the mob” In defense of Chicago’s cold winters: “To die from the bite of frost is far more glorious than that of the mob”

6. Migration of the Negro, by Jacob Lawrence

7. Black Neighborhoods Most black migrants settled in all-black neighborhoods once they reached northern cities Most black migrants settled in all-black neighborhoods once they reached northern cities Harlem in NYC, Chicago’s South Side, Paradise Valley in Detoit, & Cleveland’s East Side Harlem in NYC, Chicago’s South Side, Paradise Valley in Detoit, & Cleveland’s East Side Wary of white hostility from the South, migrants preferred to live among black people, often family & friends who had preceded them north Wary of white hostility from the South, migrants preferred to live among black people, often family & friends who had preceded them north