1. CRISIS OF DEMOCRACY IN THE WEST BELL WORK#1 The article in search of spanish galleons in the book shipwrecks was writed by kiber and lane who believes it will be found

2. Postwar Problems In 1919, three western democracies Britain, France, and the United States appeared powerful. Beneath the surface, however, postwar Europe faced grave problems. In 1919, three western democracies Britain, France, and the United States appeared powerful. Beneath the surface, however, postwar Europe faced grave problems. At first, the most pressing issues were finding jobs for returning veterans and rebuilding war-ravaged lands. Many nations also owed huge debts because they had borrowed heavily to pay for the war. At first, the most pressing issues were finding jobs for returning veterans and rebuilding war-ravaged lands. Many nations also owed huge debts because they had borrowed heavily to pay for the war. The Russian Revolution unleashed fears of the spread of communism. The Russian Revolution unleashed fears of the spread of communism. Europe lacked strong leaders just when they were most needed The war had killed many of those who might have helped solve critical problems. Europe lacked strong leaders just when they were most needed The war had killed many of those who might have helped solve critical problems.

4. Pursuing Peace During the 1920s, diplomats worked hard for peace. Stanley Baldwin prime minister of Britain wrote “One more war in the west,” he warned, “and the civilization of the ages will fall with as great a shock as that of Rome.” During the 1920s, diplomats worked hard for peace. Stanley Baldwin prime minister of Britain wrote “One more war in the west,” he warned, “and the civilization of the ages will fall with as great a shock as that of Rome.” Hopes would soon rise in 1925 when treaties would be signed at locarno, Switzerland. Hopes would soon rise in 1925 when treaties would be signed at locarno, Switzerland.

5. The Spirit of Locarno In 1925 when representatives form seven European nations signed a series of treaties at locarno, Switzerland. The treaties settled Germany’s borders with France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. The locarno treaties became the symbol of a new era. “France and Germany Ban War Forever,” trumpeted a New York Times headline. In 1925 when representatives form seven European nations signed a series of treaties at locarno, Switzerland. The treaties settled Germany’s borders with France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. The locarno treaties became the symbol of a new era. “France and Germany Ban War Forever,” trumpeted a New York Times headline. The “spirit of Locarno” was echoed in the Kellogg- Briand Pact of 1928. Almost every in dependent nation in the world signed onto this agreement, promising to “renounce war as an instrument of national policy. The “spirit of Locarno” was echoed in the Kellogg- Briand Pact of 1928. Almost every in dependent nation in the world signed onto this agreement, promising to “renounce war as an instrument of national policy.

7. Disturbances to the Peace Although the Kellogg- Briand Pact outlawed war, there was no way of enforcing the ban. Although the Kellogg- Briand Pact outlawed war, there was no way of enforcing the ban. Recovery and Collapse Recovery and Collapse During the 1920s, Europe made a shaky recovery. Economies returned to peacetime manufacturing and trade. Veterans gradually found jobs. Middle-class families generally enjoyed a rising standard of living, with money to buy new products such as cars, refrigerators, and radios. During the 1920s, Europe made a shaky recovery. Economies returned to peacetime manufacturing and trade. Veterans gradually found jobs. Middle-class families generally enjoyed a rising standard of living, with money to buy new products such as cars, refrigerators, and radios. The United States emerged from the war as the world’s leading economic power. The United States emerged from the war as the world’s leading economic power. As long as the American economy was healthy, the global economy remained relatively prosperous. As long as the American economy was healthy, the global economy remained relatively prosperous.

8. A Dangerous Imbalance Both the American and the world economy had weak spots, however. Oddly enough, a major problem was overproduction. The war had increased demand for raw materials form Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Improved technology and farming methods also contributed to higher output. When demand dwindled after the war, prices fell. Consumers benefited form the lower prices. But farmers, miners, herders, and other suppliers of raw materials suffered severe hardships. At the same time, industrial workers won higher wages, which raised the price of manufactured goods. An imbalance emerged. Because farmer’s earnings had fallen, they could afford fewer manufactured goods. Despite the slowing demand, factories dept pouring out goods. This imbalance, combined with other problems, undermined industrial economies. By the late 1920s, conditions were ripe for disaster. Both the American and the world economy had weak spots, however. Oddly enough, a major problem was overproduction. The war had increased demand for raw materials form Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Improved technology and farming methods also contributed to higher output. When demand dwindled after the war, prices fell. Consumers benefited form the lower prices. But farmers, miners, herders, and other suppliers of raw materials suffered severe hardships. At the same time, industrial workers won higher wages, which raised the price of manufactured goods. An imbalance emerged. Because farmer’s earnings had fallen, they could afford fewer manufactured goods. Despite the slowing demand, factories dept pouring out goods. This imbalance, combined with other problems, undermined industrial economies. By the late 1920s, conditions were ripe for disaster.

9. The Crash In the United States, prices on the New York Stock Exchange soared. In the United States, prices on the New York Stock Exchange soared. In the autumn of 1929, jitters about the economy caused brokers to call in these loans. When investors were unable to repay, financial panic set in. Stock prices crashed, wiping out the fortunes of many investors. In the autumn of 1929, jitters about the economy caused brokers to call in these loans. When investors were unable to repay, financial panic set in. Stock prices crashed, wiping out the fortunes of many investors. The stock market crash triggered the Great Depression of the 1930s, a painful time of global economic collapse. American banks stopped making loans abroad and demanded repayment of foreign loans. The stock market crash triggered the Great Depression of the 1930s, a painful time of global economic collapse. American banks stopped making loans abroad and demanded repayment of foreign loans.

11. The Crash The jobless could not afford to buy goods, so more factories had to close, which in turn increased the numbers of unemployed. The jobless could not afford to buy goods, so more factories had to close, which in turn increased the numbers of unemployed. In once-prosperous western cities, people slept on park benches and lined up to eat in charity soup kitchens. In once-prosperous western cities, people slept on park benches and lined up to eat in charity soup kitchens. Global Impact- The United States imposed the highest tariffs in its history. The policy backfired because other nation retaliated by raising their tariffs. All countries lost access to the larger global market. Global Impact- The United States imposed the highest tariffs in its history. The policy backfired because other nation retaliated by raising their tariffs. All countries lost access to the larger global market. As the depression dragged on, many people lost faith in the ability of democratic governments to solve the problems. As the depression dragged on, many people lost faith in the ability of democratic governments to solve the problems.

12. Britain in the Postwar Era 1920s, unemployment was severe. Wages remained low, leading to worker unrest and frequent strikes. In 1926, a general strike, or strike by workers in many different industries at the same time, lasted nine days and involved some three million workers. 1920s, unemployment was severe. Wages remained low, leading to worker unrest and frequent strikes. In 1926, a general strike, or strike by workers in many different industries at the same time, lasted nine days and involved some three million workers. The government provided some unemployment benefits to ease the worst problems, but millions of people suffered great hardships. The government provided some unemployment benefits to ease the worst problems, but millions of people suffered great hardships.

13. Irish Independence On Easter 1916, a small group launched a revolt against British rule. IRA carried on a guerrilla war against British forces and their supporters. Civilians were often caught in the middle of the violence. On Easter 1916, a small group launched a revolt against British rule. IRA carried on a guerrilla war against British forces and their supporters. Civilians were often caught in the middle of the violence. In 1922, moderated leaders in Ireland and England finally reached an agreement. Most of Ireland became the independent Irish Free State, later called Eire. In 1922, moderated leaders in Ireland and England finally reached an agreement. Most of Ireland became the independent Irish Free State, later called Eire.

14. France Pursues Security Like Britain, France emerged form World War I both a victor and a loser. Fighting on the Western Front had devastated northern France. The Great Depression did not hurt France as much as it did some countries. French industry was not as centralized in the hands of big business. Small workshops served local regions and were less affected by global trends. Like Britain, France emerged form World War I both a victor and a loser. Fighting on the Western Front had devastated northern France. The Great Depression did not hurt France as much as it did some countries. French industry was not as centralized in the hands of big business. Small workshops served local regions and were less affected by global trends. Still Swings did occur, adding to an unstable political scene. Still Swings did occur, adding to an unstable political scene.

15. Coalition Government In 1936, several parties on the left united behind the socialist leader Leon Blum. His popular Front government tried to solve labor problems and passed some socal legislation. But it could not satisfy more radical leftists whose strikes soon brought down Blum’s government Thus, France, like Britain, muddled through a series of crises. In 1936, several parties on the left united behind the socialist leader Leon Blum. His popular Front government tried to solve labor problems and passed some socal legislation. But it could not satisfy more radical leftists whose strikes soon brought down Blum’s government Thus, France, like Britain, muddled through a series of crises.

16. Maginot Line Securing it5s borders against Germany. France deeply distrusted its neighbor across the Rhine, which had invaded in 1870 and 1914. To prevent a third invasion it built massive fortifications along the border. The Maginot Line, defensive “wall” was called, offered a sense of security a false one. The line would be of little use when Germany again invaded in 1940. Securing it5s borders against Germany. France deeply distrusted its neighbor across the Rhine, which had invaded in 1870 and 1914. To prevent a third invasion it built massive fortifications along the border. The Maginot Line, defensive “wall” was called, offered a sense of security a false one. The line would be of little use when Germany again invaded in 1940.

18. The New Deal In 1932, Americans elected a new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who projected an air of energy and optimism. “FDR” argued that government had to take an active role in combating the Great Depression. He introduced the New Deal, a massive package of economic and social programs. In 1932, Americans elected a new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who projected an air of energy and optimism. “FDR” argued that government had to take an active role in combating the Great Depression. He introduced the New Deal, a massive package of economic and social programs. Under the New Deal, the federal government became more directly involved in people’s everyday lives than ever before. New laws regulated the stock market and protected bank depositors savings. Government programs created jobs for the unemployed or gave aid to poverty stricken farmers. The U.S. also set up a social Security system. It provided old age pensions and other benefits that major European countries had introduced years earlier. Under the New Deal, the federal government became more directly involved in people’s everyday lives than ever before. New laws regulated the stock market and protected bank depositors savings. Government programs created jobs for the unemployed or gave aid to poverty stricken farmers. The U.S. also set up a social Security system. It provided old age pensions and other benefits that major European countries had introduced years earlier. The New Deal did not end the Great Depression, but it did ease the suffering for many, Still, some critics fiercely condemned the New Deal because it expanded the role of government. The New Deal did not end the Great Depression, but it did ease the suffering for many, Still, some critics fiercely condemned the New Deal because it expanded the role of government.