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Kingdom Animalia Zoology
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Variety in the World of Animals Variety in cell number Protozoic – single-celled Metazoic – multi-celled animals
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Variety in the World of Animals Variety in how energy is obtained Autotroph – makes its own food from inorganic sources. Ex: Plants, some bacteria, some protists make their own food using light energy Heterotroph – cannot make its own food. They obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Ex: Animals, fungi, some protists, some bacteria
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Variety in the World of Animals Variety in symmetry Bilateral symmetry – an organism can be cut in half in only one plane and have both sides look alike. Most animals as well as humans have bilateral symmetry.
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Variety in the World of Animals Radial symmetry – an organism can be cut in half in several ways through the center and the two halves will still be alike. Ex: starfish, sea urchin
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Variety in the World of Animals Asymmetry – an organism whose shape changes or has such a great variety in its shape that symmetry is not found. Ex: amoeba
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Phylum Vertebrates (Phylum Chordata) 1.have a backbone (can be bone or cartilage) 2.have a distinct head 3.have an endoskeleton 4.make up only 3% of all animals 5.includes birds, fish, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians
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Variety in Phylum Invertebrates (make up 32 different phyla) 1.lack a backbone 2.do not have a cranium 3.may have an exoskeleton 4.over 2 million different species 5.includes insects, crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, sponges, and worms
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Vertebrates Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata
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Characteristics of all vertebrates 1.have a spinal cord with a brain at the anterior end 2.brain is protected by a skull 3.body has a backbone or notochord for support
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Characteristics of all vertebrates 4. have an endoskeleton made of bone and/or cartilage 5. have an axial and an appendicular skeleton 6. have bilateral symmetry 7. have complex body systems
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7 classes of vertebrates 1.Class Mammalia 2.Class Aves 3.Class Reptilia 4.Class Amphibia 5.Class Osteichthyes 6.Class Chondrichthyes 7.Class Cyclostomata
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Class Mammalia Endothermic Breathe with lungs Have hair and mammary glands ~ 4000 living species Ex: cats, dogs, rodents, apes, elephants
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Class Aves Endothermic Breathe with lungs Have wings, feathers, and two feet ~ 9000 living species Ex: eagles, robin, penguins, emu
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Class Reptilia Ectothermic Breathe with lungs Have dry, scaly skin ~ 6000 living species Ex: snakes, lizards, turtles
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Class Amphibia Ectothermic Soft, moist skin Usually breathe with gills in younger stages; most adults breathe with lungs ~ 3000 living species Ex: frogs, salamanders, caecilians
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Class Osteichthyes Ectothermic Aquatic with fins and scales Breathe with gills Skeleton is made partly or wholly from bone ~ 21,000 living species Ex: perch, bass, trout, tuna, sea horse
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Class Chondrichthyes Ectothermic Aquatic with fins and scales Breathe with gills Have skeletons made of cartilage ~ 800 living species Ex: sharks, rays, chimaeras
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Class Cyclostomata Ectothermic Aquatic Have slimy, scaleless bodies Breathe with gills Have skeletons made of cartilage Lack jaws ~ 45 living species Ex: lampreys, hagfish
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Class Mammalia
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All mammals 1.are warmblooded 2.have hair 3.have mammary glands 4.breathe air with lungs 5.have a four-chambered heart
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Most mammals 1.have two pairs of limbs 2.have 7 neck vertebrae (exception: sloth, manatee) 3.are born alive
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Mammal reproduction Mammals can be divided several different ways depending on how the young are born and how they are nourished
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Mammal reproduction Type of birth Viviparous – bear live young and nourish them during development; most mammals are born this way Oviparous – after internal fertilization, eggs are laid and incubated; the platypus and echidna have young this way
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Mammal reproduction (3rd way is not found in mammals, but is found in some reptiles) Ovoviviparous – eggs are fertilized but kept inside the mother, after eggs hatch, live young come out
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Mammal reproduction Type of nourishment Placental – developing young are attached to the placenta in the uterus and are given nutrients from the mother; after birth, the mother continues to nourish the babies with milk produced in mammary glands
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Mammal reproduction Egg-laying – developing young receive nutrients from the yolk inside of the egg; after hatching, they receive milk from the mother for their nourishment Pouched – young are born very tiny (premature) and are kept in a pouch until they are old enough to move around on their own; milk is available to them inside the pouch
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Orders in Class Mammalia
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Tubilidentata Eat ants; tube- teeth One specie Aaardvark
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Dermoptera Arboreal gliding mammals 2 species Flying lemur
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Proboscidea Mammals with trunks 2 species African elephant, Asian elephant
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Sirenia Aquatic mammals 4 species Manatee, dugong
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Monotremata Egg-laying mammals 6 species Platypus, echidna
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Pholidota Mammals with horny scales 8 species Pangolin
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Hyracoidea Defenseless mammals with padded feet 11 species Hyrax
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Perissodactyla Odd-toed, hoofed mammal 16 species Horse, rhinoceros
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Edentata Toothless or peg- toothed mammals 31 species Armadillo, sloth
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Lagomorpha Mammals with four upper incisor teeth 63 species Rabbit, pika
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Cetacea Marine mammals 84 species Blue whale, bottlenose dolphin
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Primata Tree-dwelling mammals 166 species Gorilla, ring-tailed lemur
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Artiodactyla Even-toed hoofed mammals 171 species Giraffe, cow
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Marsupialia Pouched mammals 242 species Koala, kangaroo
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Carnivora Flesh-eating mammals 284 species Lion, walrus, bear
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Insectivora Insect-eating mammals 400 species Mole, shrew
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Chiroptera Flying mammals 875 species Gray bat, vampire bat
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Rodentia Gnawing mammals 1687 species Beaver, rat, squirrel
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