1. Marine Mammal Issues in the GOA: IERP considerations Kate M. Wynne UAF School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program Kodiak, Alaska

2. Diverse Taxa Pinnipeds Sea Otters Whales Baleen Toothed

3. Photo by Kathy Hough Diverse Habitats

4. Diverse Foraging Strategies

5. Diverse Life Histories and Strategies K-selected Homeotherms Air-breathers HIGH energetic demands High Latitude Marine

6. Seasonal Migration and Fasting North Pacific Humpback Whales – SPLASH 2004

7. Maternal Investment variable energy storage capacity Insulation

8. b. TIMING of prey availability is CRITICAL and VARIABLE Bottomline #1 a. They are all here for the FOOD

9. Bottomline #2 b. Effects of change a. They are significant consumers throughout the GOA

10. Diverse Issues and Questions Bottomline #3 Diverse Habitats Diverse Life Histories Diverse Prey and Foraging

11. Some Recovering and/or Increasing Effects of change ?

12. Others Not Recovering and/or In Decline Many Unknown

13. Differential Population Trajectories Within species across GOA Between sympatric species

14. Changes in Reproductive Patterns Timing of harbor seal pupping Prolonged dependency of SSL pups ? Changes in Distribution Reflection of population status ? Change in prey abundance ? Temporal and spatial distribution ? Oceanographic anomolies ?

15. Kodiak Gray Whale Distribution 1999-2003 Is this an indicator of change Gray whale population? Climate? Arctic productivity? Year-round grays feeding in Kodiak

16. Why ? Different processes at play ? Diverse Habitats Diverse Life Histories Diverse Prey and Foraging

17. Mary Crivello photo

18. Top Down Predation Disease or Parasites Anthropogenic Harvest, predator control, whaling Bycatch Contaminants : long-lived lipophiles Direct effects on population structure Residual effects on trophic structure

19. Bottom Up Oceanographic / climate features and change ? Inter- or intraspecific competition ? Anything that affects prey * availability at critical times ( * Zooplankton, bivalves, cephalopods, fish…….)