1. FLOW PATTERN a good length of liquid path a very long liquid
high liquid–vapor ratios

2. FLOW PATTERN
Cross flow
Double pass

3. SINGLE PASS

4. DOUBLE PASS

5. DOWN COMERS AND WEIRS

6. WEIR
Straight Horizontal
Adjustable
Notched

7. DOUBLE PASS SLOPPED DOWNCOMERS

8. MECHANICAL SUPPORTS

9. MANWAY

10. TRAY HYDRAULICS

11. CAPACITY GRAPH FOR A TYPICAL BUBBLE-CAP TRAY

12. FLOW REGIMES

13. CLOSE-UPS
Cellular foam
Froth (Operating regime)

14. CLOSE-UPS
Emulsion regime
Froth regime

15. TRAY EFFICIENCY Overall efficiency
Efficiency correlation (O’Connell, 1946)

16. MURPHREE EFFICIENCY MODEL
It is possible to have
Thus,

17. SIEVE TRAY LAYOUT
Net area
Hole area
Active area

18. LIQUID PRESSURE HEADS ON SIEVE TRAY

19. PRESSURE HEADS ON BUBBLE CAP TRAY

20. COLUMN DIAMETER
Estimate
from VS

21. Capacity factor versus flow parameter

22. ADIOS! All of the references are provided during class lectures.
All of the pictures are taken from various books and Websites solely for educational purpose.
The author is thankful to Dr, Syeda Sultana Razia, associate professor, ChE, BUET, for developing the core concept of this presentation.