1. Skeletal System & Bone Identification
Anatomy & Physiology 2
Unit 2

2. The Role of Skeleton Bones are the organs of the skeletal system
It provides support for the body
It protects certain body organs (heart, lungs, etc)
Bones also make blood cells for the body, this is called bone marrow
Bone also stores calcium
Bones also provide a place for your muscles to attach

3. Bones in the Skeleton There are 206 bones in the adult human body
Babies and children have a few more bones than adults
Bones have medical names, but also have common names

4. Some Bones in the Skeleton
Upper Body Bones
Cranium (skull)
Mandible (jaw)
Clavicle (collar bone)
Scapula (shoulder)
Sternum (breastbone)
Humorous
Ulna and radius
Ribs
Vertebrae (backbone)
Phalanges (fingers)
Lower Body Bones
Ilium, Sacrum, Ischium (pelvis)
Femur (thigh)
Patella (kneecap)
Fibula/Tibia (shins)
Tarsals (ankle)
Phalanges (toes

6. Axial Skeleton Skull Cranium Facial Frontal bone Parietal bone
Temporal bone
Occipital bone
Ethmoid bone
Facial
Maxillae
Palatine bones
Zygomatic bones
Lacrimal bones
Nasal bones
Vomer bones
Mandible

7. Axial Skeleton Vertebral Column Bony Thorax Cervical (C1-C7)
Thoracic (T1-T2)
Lumbar (L1-L5)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Bony Thorax
Sternum
Ribs
True (1-7)
False (8-12)
Floating (11 & 12)

8. Appendiculuar Skeleton
Shoulder Girdle
Clavicle
Scapulae
Upper limbs
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Hand
Carpal
Metacarpals
Phalanges

9. Appendiculuar Skeleton
Pelvic Girdle
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Lower limbs
Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsal
Calcaneus
Talus
Metatarsals
Phalanges

10. Joints Joints Types: Plane joint Hinge joint Pivot joint
Where bones come together
Types:
Plane joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Condyloid joint
Saddle joint
Ball-and-socket joint

11. Joints

12. Ligaments
Ligaments
Tough fibers that holds bone together, usually found at joints

13. Bone Growth & Structure
Bones are made of cells (like all organs)
Bone-forming cells are called osteoblasts
As you grow your bone cells divide (using mitosis) to get longer and stronger
There are two types of bone tissue
Solid/Compact bone: hard and compact part of the bone
Spongy bone: empty space in bones, usually fond near the ends of the bone, stores calcium

14. Bone Growth & Structure
Types of bones:
Long bones: longer than they are wide
Short bones: generally cube-shaped
Flat bones: thin, flat and usually curved
Irregular bones: do not fit into any of the above categories

15. Fractures Comminuted – the bone breaks into many parts
Compression – the bone is crushed
Depressed – the fracture is pressed inward
Impacted – the bone ends are forced into each other
Spiral –occurs when excessive twisting force is applied
Greenstick – incomplete break
Compound – the bone breaks through the skin

16. Fractures
Comminuted are more common in the aged, whose bones are brittle
Depressed are typical skull fractures
Impact are common with falls
Greenstick are common in children whose bones are more flexible

17. Bone Fracture Repair A hematoma is formed (blood pocket)
The break is splinted by fibrocartilage callus
The bony callus is formed
Bone remodeling occurs

18. Skeletal Disorders
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Scoliosis