1. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 1 Adaptive Hypermedia John M.D. Hill Curtis A. Carver Jr.

2. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 2 Agenda Introduction Adaptive Techniques Adaptive Systems Future Work Conclusion

3. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 3 Introduction Universal web accessibility and adaptive hypermedia are fundamentally interlinked. You cannot provide universal web accessibility unless you adapt web presentation and navigational systems to the user. A system is not truly adaptive if it does not adapt to all of its users.

4. Adaptive Hypermedia Techniques Adaptive Technologies Adaptive Presentation Adaptive Navigational Support Adaptive Multimedia Adaptive Text Direct Guidance Adaptive Sorting of Links Adaptive Hiding of Links Adaptive Annotation of Links Map Adaptation More! 4 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 October 31, 2000

5. Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 5 Conditional Text Filters Conditional text filters are a 'divide and adaptively present' technique. The information within the hyperspace is divided into components. Each component has an associated user model state and is only visible if the user is at the appropriate level within the user model.

6. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 6 Adaptive Hypermedia Architecture

7. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 7 Adaptive Stretchtext Adaptive stretchtext is similar to a hyperlink but instead of the link opening a new page, the text of the link is replaced. Stretchtext can be expanded or collapsed to provide as much or as little information as necessary. Hypermedia information can be presented with all, some, or none of the stretchtext expanded depending on the user model.

8. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 8 PUSH

9. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 9 Frame-based Approaches Frame-based adaptation uses a frame to present information about a concept. Each frame is divided into slots and the information presented in each slot and the order in which the system presents information is adapted based on the user model. Frame-based adaptation is a very common adaptation technique.

10. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 10 AVANTI

11. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 11 Adaptive Multimedia Presentation Adaptive multimedia presentation systems alter the presentation of multimedia elements based on the user model. It is similar to conditional text filters except multimedia information is adaptively sorted and presented instead of text.

12. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 12 CS383

13. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 13 Direct Guidance Direct guidance is the most restrictive form of adaptive navigation support. Users are presented with a single adaptive link. For example, when taking an adaptive exam, the 'next question' button will link to different questions based on the user's previous performance on the assessment.

14. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 14 RATH

15. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 15 Hiding Hiding is the most common technique for adaptive navigation support. Links are adaptively hidden so that users cannot access components of the hypermedia system until the user model decides that the user is ready for that information.

16. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 16 ISIS-Tutor

17. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 17 Map Adaptation Map adaptation alters the mapping of image components to different links depending on the user model. While the user is presented with the same image, the destinations of clicking on components of the image change based on the user.

18. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 18 Sorting Adaptive sorting orders the links on a page according to the user model so that the most pertinent links for the user are presented first. With an accurate user model, the user need only work sequentially down the list of links to retrieve information. The user retains the capability to overrule the adaptive model and selectively use the information presented as appropriate.

19. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 19 InterBook

20. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 20 Link Annotation Link annotation uses textual or verbal cues to suggest to the user which links to visit in which order. Links may have different icons, be color- coded, or have different font sizes or font types to distinguish between types of links. The annotation used is adaptively changed based on user actions.

21. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 21 ELM-ART

22. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 22 Adaptive Systems AHA ARNIE AVANTI BASAR CHEOPS CS383 CAMELEON ELM-ART EPIAIM HyperTutor I-DOC InterBook ISIS-Tutor ITEM/IP MediaDoc MetaDoc Personal web Watcher PUSH RATH

23. SystemConditional Text Filters Stretchtex t Frame- based Approach Adaptive Multimedia Direct Guidance HidingSortingLink annotati on AHA    Arnie   AVANTI     Basar   CHEOPS  CS383   Chameleon  ELM-ART  EPIAIM  Hyperflex  HyperTuto r  23 Adaptive Systems and Techniques Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 October 31, 2000

24. 24 SystemConditional Text Filters Stretchtex t Frame- based Approach Adaptive Multimedia Direct Guidance HidingSortingLink annotati on InterBook   ISIS-Tutor    ITEM/IP    MediaDoc   MetaDoc  WebWatch er   PUSH   RATH  Adaptive Systems and Techniques Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 October 31, 2000

25. Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 25 Future Work Multidimensional User Models Fine-grained Multimedia Presentation Open Adaptive Hypermedia Systems Constructive Adaptive Hypermedia

26. October 31, 2000 Universal Web Accessibility Symposium 2000 26 Conclusion For a copy of this slideshow, links to referenced systems, and a survey paper on adaptive hypermedia systems, see http://206.96.207.5/curt/papers.htm and click the Speaker/Panel presentations bookmark.