1. Equipment and apparatuses for growing crystals by hydrothermal method Shvanskiy P.P., Pereverzev D.V. Shvanskiy P.P., Pereverzev D.V. Arkhipov M.A., Romanov L.N. Arkhipov M.A., Romanov L.N. Russian Research Institute for the Synthesis of Materials (VNIISIMS), Russian Research Institute for the Synthesis of Materials (VNIISIMS), Quartz Palitra Ltd. Quartz Palitra Ltd. 1, Institutskaya St., Alexandrov 601650, Vladimir Region, Russia

2. Requirements to growth equipment working under hydrothermal conditions T - up to 600 ° C T - up to 600 ° C P - up to 180 MPa P - up to 180 MPa Aggressive influence on the equipment (excited environment) Aggressive influence on the equipment (excited environment)

3. Twin vessels 1 – vessel with charge 1 – vessel with charge 2- vessel with seeds 2- vessel with seeds 1 2

4. High pressure vessel Solution flow pipes Solution flow pipes

5. High pressure vessel model High pressure vessel model Т1Т1 Т2Т2 ∆ T = Т 2 - Т 1

6. Laboratory vessel from heat- resistant steel, 0.014 l volume Working temperature,°C 0 - 470 Working temperature,°C 0 - 470 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:10 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:10 Weight, kg - 2 Weight, kg - 2

7. Laboratory vessel made of heat- resistant alloy, 0.26 l volume Working temperature, °C - 600 Working temperature, °C - 600 Working pressure, MPa - 150 Working pressure, MPa - 150 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:11 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:11 Weight, kg - 26 Weight, kg - 26

8. Laboratory vessel from corrosion- proof steel, 0.3 l volume Working temperature, °C 0 - 450 Working temperature, °C 0 - 450 Working pressure, MPa - 100 Working pressure, MPa - 100 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:19 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:19 Weight, kg - 63 Weight, kg - 63

9. Laboratory vessel from heat-resistant steel, 0.5 l volume Working temperature, °C 0 - 400 Working temperature, °C 0 - 400 Working pressure, MPa - 100 Working pressure, MPa - 100 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:6 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:6 Weight, kg - 19 Weight, kg - 19

10. Laboratory vessel with fluoroplastic lining, 0.3 l volume Working temperature, °C 0 - 250 Working temperature, °C 0 - 250 Working pressure, MPa - 66 Working pressure, MPa - 66 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:7,5 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:7,5 Weight, kg - 19 Weight, kg - 19

11. Laboratory vessel made of corrosion-proof alloy, 0.5 l volume Working temperature, °C 0 - 350 Working temperature, °C 0 - 350 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Weight, kg - 21 Weight, kg - 21

12. Laboratory vessel made of heat- resistant alloy, 24 l volume Working temperature, °C - 500 Working temperature, °C - 500 Working pressure, MPa - 100 Working pressure, MPa - 100 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:20 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:20 Weight, kg - 1260 Weight, kg - 1260

13. Industrial solid-forged vessel, 1000 l volume Working temperature, °C - 420 Working temperature, °C - 420 Working pressure, MPa - 180 Working pressure, MPa - 180 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:18 - 1:18 Weight, kg - 24 000 Weight, kg - 24 000

14. Industrial vessel 4000 l volume with one welded seam Working temperature,°C 0–400 Working temperature,°C 0–400 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Weight, kg - 83 600 Weight, kg - 83 600

15. Industrial vessel 4000 l volume with two welded seams Working temperature, °C 0 - 400 Working temperature, °C 0 - 400 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Weight, kg - 62 300 Weight, kg - 62 300

16. Industrial solid-forged vessel, 3500 l volume Working temperature, °C 0-400 Working temperature, °C 0-400 Working pressure, MРa - 120 Working pressure, MРa - 120 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:13 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:13 Weight, kg - 55 000 Weight, kg - 55 000

17. 200-liter vessel-lining inside a 1000 L vessel The floating vessel - liner from of corrosion-proof alloy in capacity of 200 litres is in a vessel of a high pressure

18. 525 liter vessel-lining inside a 1500 L vessel The floating vessel - liner from of corrosion-proof alloy in capacity of 525 litres is in a vessel of a high pressure

19. Self-sealing gate with double conic sealing For industrial vessel more 1000 l volume

20. Self-sealing gate of Ude- Bretschneider type For industrial vessel more 1000 l volume

21. Gate with forced sealing For laboratory vessel up to 1.0 l volume

22. Manufacture of high pressure vessels for Tainan plant High pressure vessels with volume 3500 l (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS in Izhorskiy. High pressure vessels with volume 3500 l (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS in Izhorskiy. High pressure vessels with volume 1500 l (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS in Izhorskiy. High pressure vessels with volume 1500 l (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS in Izhorskiy.

23. Centering of metal packing ~120 tonnes weight

24. Rough processing of the packing

25. Preliminary processing of the vessel

26. Vessel cover preparation

27. Assembled high pressure vessel

28. Transportation of vessels to Tainan plant

29. On the truck platform

30. Installation of the vessels in Tainan plant (Taiwan)

31. Lifting of the vessel

32. Installation on growing site

33. Conclusion VNIISIMS HAS DESIGNED THE CONSTRUCTIONS OF HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS WITH VOLUME FROM 0.014 ML TO 4000 L WORKING AT TEMPERATURES UP TO 600 °C AND INNER PRESSURE UP TO 200 MPA VNIISIMS HAS DESIGNED THE CONSTRUCTIONS OF HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS WITH VOLUME FROM 0.014 ML TO 4000 L WORKING AT TEMPERATURES UP TO 600 °C AND INNER PRESSURE UP TO 200 MPA VNIISIMS CAN DEVELOP, MANUFACTURE AND INSTALL ANALOGOUS EQUIPMENT WITH CUSTOM-MADE PARAMETERS OF EXPLOITATION VNIISIMS CAN DEVELOP, MANUFACTURE AND INSTALL ANALOGOUS EQUIPMENT WITH CUSTOM-MADE PARAMETERS OF EXPLOITATION