1. Topic 2: The Role of Open Standards, Open-Source Development, & Different Development Models & Processes (on Industrializing Software) ARO Workshop Outbrief, May 19 th, 2004 Douglas C. Schmidt, Adam Porter, & Hubertus Franke

2. 2 New Demands on Distributed Real-time & Embedded (DRE) Systems Real-time & embedded systems Stringent quality of service (QoS) demands e.g., latency, jitter, footprint Resource constrained Real-time & embedded systems Stringent quality of service (QoS) demands e.g., latency, jitter, footprint Resource constrained The Past Distributed real-time & embedded (DRE) systems Network-centric & larger-scale “systems of systems” Stringent simultaneous quality of service (QoS) demands e.g., dependability, security, scalability, thruput Dynamic context Distributed real-time & embedded (DRE) systems Network-centric & larger-scale “systems of systems” Stringent simultaneous quality of service (QoS) demands e.g., dependability, security, scalability, thruput Dynamic context The Future

3. 3 Evolution of DRE Systems Development Technology Problems DRE systems have historically tended to be: Stovepiped Proprietary Brittle & non-adaptive Expensive Vulnerable Mission-critical DRE systems have historically been built directly atop hardware Tedious Error-prone Costly over lifecycles Air Frame AP Nav HUD GPS IFF FLIR Cyclic Exec CLI SS7 SM CM RX TX IP RTOS

4. 4 Technology Problems DRE systems have historically tended to be: Stovepiped Proprietary Brittle & non-adaptive Expensive Vulnerable Mission-critical DRE systems historically have been built directly atop hardware Tedious Error-prone Costly over lifecycles Middleware Services DRE Applications Operating Sys & Protocols Hardware & Networks Middleware Services DRE Applications Operating Sys & Protocols Hardware & Networks Layers of open standard-based systems has effectively factored out many reusable capabilities & services from traditional DRE application responsibility Essential for product-line architectures Evolution of DRE Systems Development

5. 5 Middleware Services DRE Applications Operating Sys & Protocols Hardware & Networks DRE Systems: Key R&D Challenges Ahead Limit to how much application functionality can be factored into reusable COTS infrastructure, which impedes product-line architectures Reusable COTS infrastructure itself has become extremely complicated to use & provision statically & dynamically Component-based DRE systems are very complicated to configuration, integrate, & deploy There are now multiple COTS infra- structure technologies to choose from IntServ + Diffserv RTOS + RT Java RT/DP CORBA + DRTSJ Load Balancer FT CORBA Network latency & bandwidth Workload & Replicas CPU & memory Connections & priority bands CORBA Services CORBA Apps J2EE Services J2EE Apps.NET Services.NET Apps

6. 6 Promising Solution: Standard Integration Environments Develop, validate, & standardize generative software technologies that: 1.Model 2.Analyze 3.Synthesize 4.Provision & 5.Validate multiple layers of open standard infrastructure & applications for DRE systems that require simultaneous control of multiple quality of service properties end-to-end Partial specialization is essential for inter-/intra-layer optimization & advanced product-line architectures Middleware Services DRE Applications Operating Sys & Protocols Hardware & Networks <…events this component supplies…> <…events this component supplies…> Goal is not to replace programmers per se – it is to provide higher-level domain-specific languages for infrastructure/application developers & users

7. 7 Research Agenda Customizable Frameworks & Intelligent Middleware Formalizing Best Practices & Design Expertise Model-based Software Development & Domain-specific Languages GPSIFFFLIR Object Request Broker Air Frame APNavWTS Event Channel Replication Service Synchronization Persistence Fault Tolerance Memory Management Cross-cutting Concerns Multi-faceted Software Development Distributed Continuous Quality Assurance Environments Applications to DRE Systems