1. Cisco Router IOS M Clements

2. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 2 This week …… Cisco IOS versions IOS Features Choosing an IOS IOS upgrade Practical work

3. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 3 Internetworking Operating System Multifunction operating system on most Cisco routers and switches Generally meant for CLI usage Different versions have different features Need correct feature set for proposed usage Not easy to work out necessary features

4. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 4 Why might I need an upgrade? Your router may have a corrupt IOS Your router may not be able to perform the actions that you want it to carry out You may be planning an network upgrade and the current IOS does not contain the features that you desire for the future Perhaps your router does not support VLANS

5. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 5 Find an IOS to support VLANs Cisco IOS Software Selector http://tools.cisco.com/ITDIT/ISTMAIN/servlet/ index# Allows search of IOS by feature and platform Can see DRAM and FLASH requirements These are important – why?

6. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 6 Try it out ……… Go to: http://tools.cisco.com/ITDIT/ISTMAIN/servlet/index# Click ‘Search by Feature’ Use ‘Search by full or partial feature name’ Type VLAN then click ‘Search’ Narrowed results appear below

7. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 7 Narrowed results Add IEEE 802.1Q ISL VLAN Mapping and click ‘Add’ then Continue

8. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 8 Results of search

9. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 9 Next Step …………. What platform are you using? This will be necessary to ensure that the IOS you need is available for your particular router (or switch) Assume you are working with a 2610 router What choices do you see in the ‘Quick Pick’? What is the difference between GD and LD release?

10. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 10 Release Designations Defined Early Deployment (ED) Software releases that provide new features and new platform support in addition to bug fixes. Cisco IOS CTED, STED, SMED, and XED are variations of ED software releases. General Deployment (GD) Date at which this software release reached the "General Deployment" milestone in its lifecycle. A Major Release of Cisco IOS software reaches the "General Deployment" milestone when Cisco feels it is suitable for deployment anywhere in customer networks where the features and functionality of the release are required. Criteria for reaching the "General Deployment" milestone are based on, but not limited to, customer feedback surveys from production and test networks using the releases, CE bug reports, and reported field experience. Only Major Releases are candidates to reach the General Deployment milestone. Limited Deployment (LD) A Major Release of Cisco IOS software is said to be in the "Limited Deployment" phase of its lifecycle during the period between initial FCS and the General Deployment (GD) milestones.

11. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 11 Download the IOS For this you will need a Cisco account Your company will have one if it is using Cisco devices University of Greenwich has an account – we cannot use it for student work We will assume we have downloaded a new IOS version

12. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 12 IOS upgrade method Put IOS onto a TFTP server Upload from TFTP server Trivial File Transfer Protocol – not good for public usage – no passwords etc See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tftphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tftp It uses UDP port 69 as its transport protocol It cannot list directory contents. It has no authentication or encryption mechanisms. It is used to read files from, or write files to, a remote server.

13. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 13 Open Packet Tracer You will need as a minimum Server PT Router – choose 1841 Switch – any PC with any Ethernet interface

14. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 14 Connections

15. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 15 Connection Details Use copper straight through between server and switch and also between switch and router Use lowest numbered interfaces on all devices for Cat 5 cabling Use console cable between PC and router Connects to console ports on router and RS232 port on the PC

16. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 16 Connecting to router from the PC Go to PC Desktop then Terminal Make sure settings are as shown below Click OK

17. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 17 Setup of Router Give the router a /24 IP address on an Ethernet interface Work this address out before you continue Change the router’s name to my_new_router You can do this yourself or follow the instructions on the following slides

18. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 18 Router Initial Setup At Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: type n, Return Now type the following commands Router>enable Router#configure terminal Router(config)#interface ? This displays the available interfaces Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

19. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 19 Router Setup Continued Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#hostname my_new_router

20. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 20 Router Setup Continued my_new_router(config)#exit %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console my_new_router#write Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration... [OK] my_new_router#

21. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 21 Configuring the Router Visit the CLI and ascertain the IOS version that is currently running Use the ‘show version’ command to do this IOS is not the same as System Bootstrap! Note the values for NVRAM, DRAM and FLASH Where are these values written?

22. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 22 Noting the IOS currently in use The IOS is displayed prefixed by its location on the router Make a note of the location and the FULL name of the IOS Note the value of the Configuration Register This tells the router where to look at boot for its IOS

23. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 23 Configuring Server Open server properties by clicking on it Under Config, Services turn off all services except TFTP Notice the IOS versions already ‘downloaded’ to the TFTP server Set a /24 address and subnet mask from the router’s FastEthernet network range

24. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 24 Check Connectivity Make sure that your network has connectivity between the server and router before continuing Use a ping from either the router or the server to make sure of this Copy the results of the ping Carry out diagnostics if the ping fails

25. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 25 Boot Router to ROMMON The ROM monitor (also called the bootstrap program) is the firmware that runs when you power on Cisco routers During normal operation, the ROM monitor helps to initialize the processor hardware and boot the operating system software Accomplished by changing the configuration register to either 0x2100 or 0x0

26. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 26 From the PC ………. my_new_router#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. my_new_router(config)#config-register 0x2100 my_new_router(config)#exit %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console my_new_router#reload Proceed with reload? [confirm]

27. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 27 Router boots into ROMMON Press Enter Type ? Note the response Now look at files in FLASH memory rommon 8 > dir flash: File size Checksum File name 13832032 bytes (0xd30f60) 0x1033 c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin Now reboot the router (reset)

28. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 28 Choosing the new IOS from the TFTP server Choose the IOS image on the TFTP server that you do not currently have in the router’s FLASH – note the COMPLETE name Enter Priv Exec mode on your router

29. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 29 Enter the relevant details my_new_router#copy tftp flash: Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2 Source filename []? c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin Destination filename [c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin]? Accessing tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin.... Loading c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin from 192.168.1.2: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OK - 16599160 bytes] 16599160 bytes copied in 30.097 secs (123409 bytes/sec)

30. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 30 Check file is in FLASH then boot it my_new_router#dir flash: Directory of flash:/ (read the output) Now re-enter ROMMON rommon 1 > boot flash:c1841- ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin Observe the boot process and verify that the router has booted the new IOS using the ‘show version’ command

31. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 31 Delete the old IOS my_new_router#delete flash: c1841-advipservicesk9- mz.124-15.T1.bin Delete filename [c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124- 15.T1.bin]? Delete flash:/ c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin? [confirm] my_new_router#dir flash: Directory of flash:/ 2 -rw- 16599160 c1841- ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin 32514048 bytes total (15914888 bytes free)

32. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 32 Reboot and reset config register Reload the IOS Router boots to rommon again – rommon 2 > confreg 0x2102 rommon 3 > reset Once router reboots, verify that the IOS is now the new version – use show version

33. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 33 Saving config file to TFTP my_new_router#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2 Destination filename [my_new_router-confg]?.!! [OK - 352 bytes] 352 bytes copied in 3.184 secs (0 bytes/sec)

34. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 34 Check TFTP server Look in the TFTP server for the config file that you copied This can be useful as a backup in case of router failure

35. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 35 Summary IOS contains commands for routers and switches Can be upgraded over network using TFTP ROMMON can be used as basic boot option TFTP server accessed by router to copy the IOS TFTP server can also be used to save or upload a config file

36. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 36 Extra Resources Free TFTP server – see engweb.info/apps

37. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 37 References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_IOS http://tools.cisco.com/ITDIT/ISTMAIN/servlet/index# http://www.roadkillnetworks.com/cisco/tftp_rom_monitor_appen dc.htm