1. People who inject drugs
Last updated: November 2015

2. CONTENT Data availability and population size estimates
HIV prevalence and epidemiology
Risk behaviors
Vulnerability and HIV knowledge
National response

3. Data availability and population size estimates

4. People who inject drugs population size estimates, countries where data is available
Estimated PWID (a)
Year of estimate
Year of reporting
HIV prevalence (b) 1
Afghanistan
36,000
2015
Male (2012) 2
Australia
215,000
2005
Total- 2.1 (2013) 3
Bangladesh
23,800
2009
Total- 1.1 (2011) 4
Brunei
3,000 – 4,000
2004
Not available 5
Cambodia
1,300
2012
Total (2012) 6
China
2,170,000
2011
2014
Total- 6 (2014) 7
India
177,000
Total- 7.2 ( ) 8
Indonesia
74,326
Total (2011) 9
Lao PDR
1,709 10
Malaysia
170,000
Male (2014) 11
Maldives
400 …
2010
0 (2008) 12
Myanmar
83,000
Total (2014) 13
Nepal
52,174
Male- 6.3 (2011) 14
Pakistan
104,848
Total (2011) 15
Philippines
14,400 (12,304-16,607)
2011*
Total (2013) 16
Papua New Guinea
5,000 – 10,000
2004* 17
Singapore
10,000 – 20,000
Total-1.5 (2014) 18
Sri Lanka
423
2013
Total – 0 (2014) 19
Thailand
40,300
Total- 19 (2014) 20
Timor Leste 53 21
Viet Nam
271,506
Male (2014)
Prepared by ; Note: a) Please see next slide for references; b) National HIV Sentinel Surveillance surveys and Integrated Biological and Behavioral surveys reported in GARPR 2013 to 2015
* Year of source reference

5. References: People who inject drugs population size estimates
Afghanistan Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Australia Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Bangladesh Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting based on Population Size Estimates for Most at Risk Populations for HIV in Bangladesh 2009.
Aceijas, C., Stimson, G. V., Hickman, M., et al. (2004). Global Overview of Injecting Drug Use and HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users. AIDS, 18(17),
Cambodia Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015 based on NACD,NCHADS, and KHANA. (2014). National Population Size Estimation, HIV Related Risk Behaviours and HIV Prevalence among People Who Use Drugs in Cambodia in 2012.
Ministry of Health China, WHO, and UNAIDS. (2011) Estimates for the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in China (Unpublished).
National AIDS Control Organisation India, Department of AIDS Control, & Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. (2011). Annual Report
Indonesia Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting based on Ministry of Health.(2013). Estimasi Populasi Rawan Tertular HIV di Indonesia Tahun (In Indonesian Language)
Lao PDR Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Malaysia Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Sharma, M., Oppenheimer, E., Saidel, T., et al. (2009). A Situation Update on HIV Epidemics among People Who Inject Drugs and National Responses in South-East Asia Region. AIDS, 23, 1405–1413.
Myanmar Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Nepal Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2014 based on Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Home Affairs. (2013). Survery Report on Current Hard Drug Users in Nepal -2069
Pakistan Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Philippine National AIDS Council. (2011). Estimates of the Most At-Risk Population and People Living with HIV
Aceijas, C., Stimson, G. V., Hickman, M., et al. (2004). Global Overview of Injecting Drug Use and HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users. AIDS, 18(17),
Ibid.
Sri Lanka Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015 based on National STD/AIDS Control Programme and the Family Planning Association of Sri Lanka. (2013). National Size Estimation of Most at Risk Populations (MARPs) for HIV in Sri Lanka
Thailand Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Timor Leste Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Viet Nam Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2014

6. Size estimates of PWID as proportion of adult male population (15-49) years
Source: Prepared by based on size estimates of PWID ( please see the information provided in the previous 2 slides) and adult male population (15-49) years is based on annual population based on UN Population Division. (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision - Extended Dataset.

7. Data availability of PWID in HIV sentinel surveillance surveys conducted between 2009 and 2013
Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar
Myanmar and Viet Nam
Bangladesh, China, India, and Viet Nam
Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam
Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam
Source: Prepared by based on National HIV Sentinel Surveys; Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; and

8. Data availability of PWID in behavioral surveys conducted between 2009 and 2013
Afghanistan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam
Afghanistan, China, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam
Afghanistan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Viet Nam
Afghanistan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam
Nepal, Philippines
Philippines
Source: Prepared by based on Behavioral Surveillance Surveys; Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; and

9. HIV prevalence and epidemiology

10. HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs, 2010-2014
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3)

11. HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs by gender, 2010-2014
#11
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; and 3)

12. HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs by age group, 2010-2014
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3)

13. HIV prevalence among PWID in geographical locations that are higher than national prevalence,
#13
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3). Li L, Assanangkornchai S, Duo L, McNeil E, Li J (2014) Risk Behaviors, Prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Population Size of Current Injection Drug Users in a China-Myanmar Border City: Results from a Respondent-Driven Sampling Survey in PLoS ONE 9(9): e doi: /journal. pone

14. HIV prevalence among PWID in geographical locations where rising HIV prevalence trends are observed,
* male PWID
** 2013 data for Cebu and Mandaue reported as national
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3)

15. Trends in HIV prevalence among PWID in ASEAN states/cities, where data is available, 2003-2013
* male PWID
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys

16. Trends in HIV prevalence among PWID in SAARC states/cities, where data is available, 2002-2012
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys

17. Hepatitis C and syphilis prevalence among PWID, countries where data is available, 2009-2014
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys and 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys

18. Proportion of HIV transmission through injecting drug use among reported HIV cases, 2011-2015
Source: Prepared by based on 1. Country Global AIDS Response Progress Reports 2015; 2. Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, Indonesia (Feb 2014). Situation Progress Report of HIV and AIDS in Indonesia in 2013 (Laporan Situasi Perkembangan HIV & AIDS di Indonesia tahun 2013, Kementerian Kesehatan RI 2013) ; 3. National Epidemiology Center Philippines. (2015). Philippines HIV/AIDS Registry: July 2015; 4. National AIDS Control Organisation India, Department of AIDS Control, & Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2012). Annual Report ; 5. Ministry of Health Malaysia (2014). HIV and AIDS Reporting ( ); 6. Ministry of Health, Singapore (2015). Update on the HIV/AIDS Situation in Singapore 2014.; 7. National AIDS Control Programme Sri Lanka. (2013). Retrieved 10 October 2014, from ; and 8. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, Teku, Kathmandu (2014). Factsheet 2: Reported HIV Cases, as of Asar 2071 (15 July 2014).; 9. Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health Hong Kong. (2014). Hong Kong STD/AIDS Update, Vol. 19, No.1, Quarter

19. Risk behaviours

20. Average number of injections among people who inject drugs, 2006-2013
* Cebu and Mandaue
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2) Behavioral Surveillance Surveys;

21. Average duration of injecting drugs among PWID, 2006-2012
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2) Behavioral Surveillance Surveys

22. Proportion of safe injection practices among PWID (regional median trend*)
#22
Source: Prepared by based on

23. Proportion of PWID who reported safe injection practice at last injection, 2006-2014
#23
Source: Prepared by based on

24. Proportion of PWID who reported safe injection practice at last injection by gender, 2006-2014
*Manipur
Source: Prepared by based on

25. Proportion of PWID who reported safe injection practice at last injection by age group, 2006-2014
*Manipur
Source: Prepared by based on

26. Correlation between safe injection practice and HIV prevalence among PWID
* Duration of consistent use of sterile injecting equipment varies from last week to last 6 months;
** Behavioral data for , Never used used-needles and syringes;
*** Behavioral data for 2008
Source: Prepared by based on National HIV Sentinel Surveillance Reports; Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Reports

27. Proportion of PWID engaged in commercial sex in the past 12 months, 2006-2013
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2) Behavioral Surveillance Surveys

28. Proportion of PWID who reported condom use at last sex, 2006-2014
Source: Prepared by based on

29. Proportion of PWID reported condom use at last sex by gender, 2006-2014
* Manipur
Source: Prepared by based on and India UNGASS Country Progress Report 2010

30. Proportion of PWID reported condom use at last sex by age group, 2006-2014
Source: Prepared by based on and India UNGASS Country Progress Report 2010

31. Proportion of PWID reported consistent condom use, 2006-2011
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2) Behavioral Surveillance Surveys

32. Vulnerability and HIV knowledge

33. Proportion of PWID with comprehensive HIV knowledge, 2006-2012
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2) Behavioral Surveillance Surveys; 3) UNAIDS. (2010). Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.

34. HIV expenditure

35. HIV prevention spending in Asia and the Pacific – low on HIV prevention among people who inject drugs, latest available year reported by countries,
#35
Note: China and India did not report prevention spending breakdown
Source: Prepared by based on

36. Trends in spending on PWID harm reduction programmes out of total prevention spending, countries where HIV prevalence among PWID is more than 10%,
Source: Prepared by based on

37. Regionally, less than one-fifth of PWID prevention spending comes from domestic public sources
Source: Prepared by based on

38. Proportion of AIDS spending by major spending category, Asia and the Pacific, 2009-2013
#38
AIDS spending breakdown is not available for China and India
Source: Prepared by based on

39. Proportion of prevention spending by category, 2009-2013
Youth
Prevention mother-to-child
General prevention and others
Sex workers and their clients
People who inject drugs
Men who have sex with men
Note: Data from latest available year. China and India did not report prevention spending breakdown.
Source: Prepared by based on

40. Spending on HIV prevention programmes focused on PWID, 2009-2013
Note: Data from latest available year. China and India do not report prevention spending breakdown.
Source: Prepared by based on

41. National response

42. Number of syringes distributed per PWID per year by Needle and Syringe Programmes (NSP), 2014
Medium coverage: >100–<200 syringes per PWID per year
Low coverage: <100 syringes per PWID per year
High coverage: >200 syringes per PWID per year
Source: Prepared by based on 1) and 2) Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015

43. Number of syringes distributed per PWID per year, 2012-2014
Medium coverage: >100–<200 syringes per PWID per year
Low coverage: <100 syringes per PWID per year
High coverage: >200 syringes per PWID per year
Source: Prepared by based on 1) and 2) Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015

44. Number of needle and syringe programme (NSP) sites, 2011-2014
* reported 230 districts have NSP sites in 2014 but data not available for the number of NSP sites
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015

45. Reported number of people who use drugs received opioid substitution therapy, 2012-2014
* only number people on methadone is reported in and 2013 reported numbers includes number of people on methadone and estimate people on buprenorphine.
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015

46. Number of opioid substitution therapy (OST) sites, 2011-2014
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015

47. Number of NSP and OST sites by country where data is available, 2014
Number of needles/syringes programme sites
Number of opioid substitution therapy sites
Afghanistan 27 1
Bangladesh 88 4
Cambodia 5
China
814
767
India
401
178
Indonesia
232 90
Lao PDR
 5*
 8*
Malaysia
629
838
Maldives
Mongolia
 1**
Myanmar 51 35
Nepal 60 15
Pakistan 14
 1*
Thailand 42
140
Viet Nam
 230***
134
*2012 data; **2013 data; ***reported number of districts that have NSP sites in 2014 but data not available for the number of NSP sites
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015

48. HIV testing coverage among PWID, countries where data is available, 2006-2014
* Programme data
Note: Data is not strictly comparable across countries since methods and sampling varied. In addition, many surveys were conducted in a few urban areas and it might not necessarily reflect prevailing conditions at the national level.
Source: Prepared by based on Ministry of Health Indonesia.(2014). Recalculated HIV Testing Coverage presented at the Regional Management Meeting (RMM) 2014 using IBBS 2011 Data; Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015; and

49. Stalled progress in HIV testing coverage among key populations
HIV testing coverage among PWID (regional median)
Note: regional median testing coverage is calculated using latest available data from UNGASS and GARPR 2010 to 2015 reporting rounds
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015; and

50. Punitive laws hindering the HIV response among PWID in South Asia
Compulsory detention centres for people who use drugs
Death penalty for drug-related offences
Afghanistan NO
NO INFO
Bangladesh
YES
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014

51. Punitive laws hindering the HIV response among PWID in South-East Asia
Compulsory detention centres for people who use drugs
Death penalty for drug-related offences
Brunei
YES
Cambodia NO
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Viet Nam
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014

52. Punitive laws hindering the HIV response among PWID in East Asia
Compulsory detention centres for people who use drugs
Death penalty for drug-related offences
China
YES
Japan NO
Mongolia
DRP Korea
Rep of Korea
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014

53. Punitive laws hindering the HIV response among PWID in the Pacific
Compulsory detention centres for people who use drugs
Death penalty for drug-related offences
Fiji NO
NO INFO
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
FSM*
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
*Federated States of Micronesia
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014

54. slides compiled by www.aidsdatahub.org
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slides compiled by
Data shown in this slide set are comprehensive to the extent they are available from country reports. Please inform us if you know of sources where more recent data can be used. Please acknowledge if slides are lifted directly from this site