1. CHAPTERS 19 ACIDS & BASES

2. What do you see?

3. Acid Properties  Sour taste (citrus fruits)  Conduct electric current  Change the color of indicators-turns litmus paper red  pH concentration < 7  React with bases to produce salt and water: HCl + NaOH  H 2 O + NaCl  Some react with metals to release H 2 gas: Mg + HCl  MgCl 2 + H 2

4. Naming Acids 1. Binary Acids: a. H 2 Shydrosulfuric acid 2.Ternary Acids: a. H 2 SO 4 - “IC I ATE that” sulfuric acid b. H 2 SO 3 -“RITEOUS” sulfurous acid

5. Base (alkaline) Properties  Bitter taste (coffee)  Feel slippery (soap)  Change the color of indicators-turns litmus paper blue  Caustic- attack the skin, cause severe burns  Conduct electric current

6. Arrhenius Acids and Bases  Arrhenius Acid: A compound that produces H + in solution. Ionizes to yield a proton in an aqueous solution. A compound that produces H + in solution. Ionizes to yield a proton in an aqueous solution. Ex: HCl (g) --------  H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Ex: HCl (g) --------  H + (aq) + Cl - (aq)  Arrhenius Base: A compound that produces OH - in solution. A compound that produces OH - in solution. Ex: NaOH (s) ---------  Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) Ex: NaOH (s) ---------  Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) H2OH2O H2OH2O

7. Hydronium ion The particle formed by the combination of a hydrogen ion with a water molecule. H + + H 2 O H 3 O +1

8. pH Scale A more convenient way to express acidity A more convenient way to express acidity  pH = -log[H 3 O + ]  pOH = -log[OH-]  pH + pOH = 14.0

9.  Find the pH and pOH of a 1x10 -10 M solution of HBr. 1. HBr is an acid so we are looking at the [H + ] concentration. [H + ] = 1x10 -10 M [H + ] = 1x10 -10 M 2. pH = -log[1x10 -10 ] pH = 10 3. pH + pOH = 14 10 + pOH = 14 10 + pOH = 14 pOH = 4 pOH = 4

10. pH pH 0-7: acidic solution pH 7: neutral solution pH 7-14: basic solution

11. Calculating pH pH = -log [H + ] Ex: A solution has a H + concentration of 1x10 -5 pH = -log [1x10 -5 ] pH = 5 and we have an acidic solution Ex: A solution has a pH=8 8 = -log [H + ] [H + ] = 1 x 10 -8