1. Bell Quiz 1. What is something on the test you remembered after you left the test? An answer you would have changed. 2. What do you like on tests more: M/C Matching, short answer, T/F 3. List some things that you think make earth a good place for living things 4. What places in the solar system contain life? 5. Do you think it is possible that life exists elsewhere in the universe? Yes or No

2. EPOD

3. APOD

4. What makes a world habitable?

5. 1. Temperature 15ºC to 115º C High temperatures cause DNA to break down Low temperatures slow down reactions

6. 2. Water All living things require water at some point. It needs to be warm enough that it is not frozen and cold enough that it doesn’t evaporate away.

7. 3. Atmosphere Insulation UV protection Meteorite impacts Biochemical source; such as oxygen for respiration

8. 4. Energy Needed for life processes Light or chemical energy

9. 5. Nutrients Constant supply needed Processes that provide nutrients, like volcanoes, and earthquakes are needed

10. Earth

11. 1. Enceladus The sixth-largest moon of Saturn has been called the most promising bet for life thanks to its welcoming temperature and the likely presence of water and simple organic molecules. The surface of the icy moon is thought to be about 99 percent water ice, with a good chance of liquid water beneath. Observations from the Cassini probe’s 2005 flyby of Enceladus suggest the presence of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen — organic molecules thought to be necessary to develop life. And the moon seems to have a boiling core of molten rock that could heat the world to the toasty temperatures needed to give rise to life.called the most promising bet for life

12. 2. Europa Jupiter’s moon Europa also seems a possible stomping ground for E.T. due to its potential water and volcanic activity. Though the surface seems to be frozen, many suspect that buried underneath is an ocean of liquid water. Volcanic activity on the moon could provide life- supporting heat, as well as important chemicals needed by living organisms. Microbial life could potentially survive near hydrothermal vents on Europa, as it does on Earth.

13. 3. Mars As far as planets go, by far the front- runner for life is our next-door neighbor, Mars. The red planet is the most Earth- like of solar system planets, with a comparatively similar size and temperature range as our own planet. Large bodies of water ice lie on Mars’ poles, and there’s a reasonable chance of liquid water beneath the surface. The puny atmosphere on the planet is not strong enough to shield the planet against lethal solar radiation, though microbes could potentially exist beneath the surface. Evidence also suggests that Mars may have been even more habitable in the past. Geologic features imply that liquid water once flowed across the surface, and volcanic activity, now dead, once flourished, recycling chemicals and minerals between the surface and the interior

14. 4. Titan Saturn’s largest moon looks suspiciously like it might have hosted life, because its thick atmosphere is rich in compounds that often mark the presence of living organisms. For instance, Titan’s air is filled with methane, which is usually destroyed by sunlight. On Earth, life constantly replenishes methane, so it might similarly be responsible for the methane on Titan. Titan is rather cold, however, and if liquid water exists, it must be deep beneath the frozen surface.

15. 5. Io Jupiter’s moon Io is one of the few solar system moons to support an atmosphere, and it contains complex chemicals promising for life. Volcanism on the moon also makes it warmer than many others — another good sign. Io is still a long shot, though, because its location inside Jupiter’s magnetic field means it is constantly being pelted with lethal radiation. Its violent surface also seems inhospitable, with temperatures often too cold to support life, as well as molten hot spots that are equally deadly.

16. Temperature °C Mercury: -137 to 425 Venus: 462 Earth: -88 to 58 Mars: -143 to 17 Jupiter: 438 Saturn: 407 Uranus: -346 Neptune: -347

17. Mars- Yes or No?

19. Bigfoot?

20. 3 kinds of space colonization Free Space Lunar Planetary

21. Things needed to make colonization possible Materials Energy Transportation Communication Life Support Radiation Protection