1. PS 3-13 Thursday –Friday volcano information

2. Old assigned homework Questions on pg 717 2,3,7 Hand in movie handout

3. For periods 1 and 3 Movie clip What are the researchers using to help predict eruptions of the volcano on the island? Take note of the pyroclastic flows shown in the movie. Why do they move fastest when moving down the side of the mountain?

4. Finish notes Any information not previously covered

5. Parts of a volcano Vent – opening where molten rock is pushed out to the surface of earth Magma Chamber - Chamber below volcano, holds the molten rock used in eruption Cone – mound created from solid material released from previous eruption Crater – hole (depression) at the top of volcano created by volcanic explosion Caldera – depression left on top of the volcano created by the collapse of the magma chamber

7. What are the differences and similarities between: Fumaroles Geysers Hot Springs Mud-pots

8. Fumaroles

9. Fumarole An opening in the earth that emit gases May be found some distance from the from the main vent Gases are heated by the volcanic sources, travel through cracks and fractures to surface

10. Hot Springs

11. Openings that are filled with water that is heated by nearby volcanic activity The water may range from mild to scalding, and include both helpful and toxic minerals

12. Geyser

13. Geysers A hot spring with specific ideal physical arrangement that allows it to periodically erupt No convection, cold water cap over volcanically heated water

14. Mud Pots

15. Similar to a hot spring Form in places where water is scarce Mixture of a little water and volcanic ash

16. Where are volcanoes found in the world? Convergent Divergent Other

17. One other place of volcano formation Hot Spots Created because a narrow stream of hot mantle raises up from the core-mantle boundary Long lasting point of heat, stationary with respect to the plates If formed under ocean crust, creates an island arc

19. Places where there might be a hot spot Hawaii Yellowstone Iceland Tahiti Up to 50 places in the world

20. Types of lava Aa- Pahoehoe- Pillow lava- Difference is based location and composition

22. Homework New Handout (Section 7.1-7.2) Section 7.1 –All Questions except 4 Section 7.2 questions 1-6 and 10

23. Where do quiet volcanoes form? Connected to hot spots Subduction boundaries related ocean to ocean Galapagos Islands Hawaiian islands Easter Islands Canary Islands

24. Do volcanoes only exist on earth? What is needed to produce a volcano? How would the eruption of a volcano on a small moon differ from the earth’s eruptions?

25. Oympus Mons

26. Facts about Olympus Largest volcano in the solar system Not active 370 miles wide, 16 miles high Cliffs rim the edge up to 3 miles high Generated by a hot spot

27. Why is this volcano so much larger than others? Gravity (or lack of it) Plate Tectonics (or lack of it)

28. Io

29. Io is a moon about Jupiter Most volcanically active spot in the solar system Little gravitational pull and no atmosphere allow plumes to rise great distances

30. Where do Composite volcanoes form? Formed at Subduction zones between continental and oceanic plates

32. Where do cinder volcanoes form? Small 10-100’s m high Found on flanks of other types of volcano Not as much volcanic material-secondary vents

33. What is used to predict the future eruption of a volcano? Earthquake activity Change in chemical composition of the gases released by the volcano Change in the shape of the lava dome Change in volcanic activity of mountain

34. Review/Learn Parts of volcano Types of volcano Hazards of volcano eruption Benefits of volcanoes Specific volcanoes Signs of future eruptions