2. Definition Context Themes Literature: - Representants Representants - Text Text In reaction of…

3. Post-modernism is an umbrella term POST -- ISM- MODERN - It is a Latinate prefix referring to something coming after something and therefore Post- modernism is a movement referring to something previous. The suffix ism generally brings with it a critical attitude When a new movement rises, it sounds rather strange and it is not immediately well accepted.

4. Postmodernism is a complex term, or set of ideas. It developed since the 1960's in Europe, the United Stated and Latin America and reached its peak in the 1980's. Postmodernism describes a series of reforming cultural movements in: - art - architecture - music - film - sociology - communications - fashion - technology - literature

5. Post war period  with World War I, values collapsed and people searched to replace them with newones in art – television – cinema – music films – blue-jeans – mini-skirt – Rock music – Hippies

6. Postmodernism, like modernism, follows most of these same ideas: rejecting boundaries between high and low forms of art rejecting boundaries between high and low forms of art rejecting rigid genre distinctions rejecting rigid genre distinctions emphasizing pastiche, parody, bricolage, irony, and playfulness. emphasizing pastiche, parody, bricolage, irony, and playfulness.

7. Differently from Modernism, Postmodern art and thought favors: reflexivity and self-consciousness reflexivity and self-consciousness fragmentation and discontinuity fragmentation and discontinuity idea of provisionality and incoherence idea of provisionality and incoherence ambiguity, simultaneity ambiguity, simultaneity emphasis on the destructured, decentered, dehumanized subject emphasis on the destructured, decentered, dehumanized subject chaos and disorder chaos and disorder

8. Postmodernism = critique of grand narratives the awareness that such narratives serve to mask the contradictions and instabilities inherent in any social organization or practice. → every attempt to create "order" always demands the creation of an equal amount of "disorder," a "grand narrative" masks the constructedness of these categories by explaining that "disorder" REALLY IS chaotic and bad, and that "order" REALLY IS rational and good. rejecting grand narratives, favors "mini-narratives," stories that explain small practices, local events, rather than large-scale universal or global concepts. Postmodern "mini-narratives" are always situational, provisional, contingent, and temporary, making no claim to universality, truth, reason, or stability.

9. there are only signifiers: the idea of any stable or permanent reality disappears, and with it the idea of signifieds that signifiers point to; there are only surfaces, without depth; only signifiers, with no signifieds; there are no originals, only copies (simulacra); inter-textuality; no centre of meaning; multilayer structure

10. In a postmodern society  knowledge  functional--you learn things, not to know them, but to use that knowledge.  Knowledge is characterized by its utility knowledge is distributed, stored, and arranged differently in postmodern societies than in modern ones. the advent of electronic computer technologies revolutionized the modes of knowledge production, distribution, and consumption in our society.  In postmodern societies, anything which is not able to be translated into a form recognizable and storable by a computer will cease to be knowledge

11. J. M. Coetzee

12. Foe (J.M. Coetzee)