1. Don’t get stressed with stress
Phonetics
Don’t get stressed with stress

2. Weak forms – strong forms
Function words: personal pronouns, possessive determines, articles, indefinite pronouns, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, conjunctions
Strong: stressed for significance, said on its own, at the end of a sentence
Examples:
I can come after all
Who’s it for? – You.
He was there, but she wasn’t.

3. Weak forms – strong forms

4. Prominent function words
Contrast
I’ll leave it on the table. – No, put it under the table
Last function word
There was nothing I could do.
Auxiliaries: negative forms (I can’t wait), special emphasis (I should have left earlier, We did warn you), contradictions (You haven’t done that. – I have done it), time contrasts (It was there, but it isn’t there now.)

5. exercises

6. Exercises

7. Exercise – from strong to weak

8. Syllabic consonants
Always possible to pronounce /ə/, but usually syllabic consonant more natural/fluent
Syllabic /l/ usually after: /t/, /d/, /p/, /b/, /s/, /z/, /k/, /n/
Syllabic /n/ usually after: /t/, /d/, /p/, /s/, /z/, /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/
-sm > usually syllabic /m/
Contracted forms of verbs (didn’t, haven’t shouldn’t, wouldn’t, etc.) > usually syllabic /n/

9. Syllabic consonants

10. Suffixes and word stress
What is a suffix?
Some suffixes change the stress in a word

11. Suffixes and word stress
What is a suffix?
From: vector.me
Some suffixes change the stress in a word

12. Suffixes and word stress
The stress doesn’t normally change before: -able, -age, -al, -er, -ful, -less, -ness, -ous, -fy, -ative.
Exceptions: admire – admirable / prefer – preferable / medicine – medicinal / agriculture - agricultural
Stress normally changes before; -ious, -ulous, -eous, -ial, -ic, -ion, -ive, -ity.
Examples: miracle – miraculous / mystery – mysterious / outrage – outrageous / instinct - instinctive
Some suffixes have main stress themselves: -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette.
Examples: absentee / engineer / Japanese / diskette

13. Exercises

14. Exercises

15. Exercises

16. Exercises

17. Suffixes – other changes
Change in vowel pronunciation
Example: extreme /i:/ - extermity /e/
Change in consonant pronunciation
Example: ignite /aɪt/ - ignition /ɪʃ/, produce /u:s/ - production /ʌk/
Change in pronunciation and spelling
Example: divide /aɪd/ – division /ɪʒ/, apply /aɪ/ - applicable /ɪ/

18. Exercises

19. Next time…
Prefixes and stress