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WHAT ARE “HOT SPOTS”? WHY ARE THE LOCATIONS OF SOME VOLCANOES NOT ASSOCIATED WITH TECTONIC PLATE BOUNDARIES ?
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HOT SPOT Example : Hawaiian Islands.
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HAWAIIAN ISLANDS East Pacific Rise Nazca Plate Pacific Plate Eurasian Plate Pacific OceanAsiaSea of Japan Japanese Islands
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Eric Hand Science 2015;349:1032-1033 Published by AAAS
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Hot spots Researchers have identified 28 plumes in the mantle—and nearly all of them correspond with volcanic regions called hot spots. Eric Hand Science 2015;349:1032-1033 Published by AAAS N S 2. Yellowstone 1. Hawaiian Islands 3. Tristan da Cunha
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French et al., 2013. Science 341, p.1049. N S
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Influence of the crust on the style of volcanism. Nikolai M. Shapiro, and Ivan Koulakov Science 2015;348:758-759 Published by AAAS
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Core/Mantle Boundary Plate Motion Crust Mantle or Upper Mantle/Lower Mantle
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Plate Motion
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Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion
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Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion Increased Time Since Connection to Internal Energy
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Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion Increased Time for Erosion by External Forces.
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Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion Older Volcanic Material. More Eroded Islands.
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HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
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AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. All Ages in millions of years.
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AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest
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AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest
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AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 0.8 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest
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AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 1.9 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest
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AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest
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AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 3.7 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest
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AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 5.1 3.7 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. 4.9 Youngest Oldest
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YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Super Volcano Caldera 640,000yr Snake River Plain
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Fig. 4 Schematic model for the Yellowstone crust–upper mantle magmatic system. Hsin-Hua Huang et al. Science 2015;348:773-776 Published by AAAS
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Influence of the crust on the style of volcanism. Nikolai M. Shapiro, and Ivan Koulakov Science 2015;348:758-759 Published by AAAS
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TRISTAN DA CUNHA
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Cooling, Contracting and Eroding Cooling, Contracting and Eroding
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03.08.c2 Tristan da Cunha Motion of African Plate Walvis Ridge
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