1. Mineral Quiz

2. Mineral Quiz What makes a mineral unique?
Which is not a method by which minerals form?
Inorganic processes
Water evaporation from a solution
Cooling of magma or lava
Decrystallization
What are the 3 main types of mineral groups?
The ocean floor and sea floor consists of a great deal of decomposing hard parts from organisms. What type of rock is created? (Hint: made of calcite and can also be found in caves).

3. Mineral Quiz
Using the image below, choose the best answer. 5. Which lists the minerals in the correct order from softest to hardest? A. Talc, diamond, calcite, feldspar B. Diamond, feldspar, calcite, talc C. Talc, calcite, feldspar, diamond D. Calcite, feldspar, talc, diamond

4. Igneous Rocks

5. Igneous Rock Formation
Igneous rock: forms when lava or magma cools and minerals crystalize
Magma: molten rock below the Earth’s surface
Lava: is magma that flows out onto the Earth’s surface
The type of igneous rock that forms depends on the composition of the magma.
Of all of the compounds present in magma, silica is the most abundant and has the greatest effect on the magma characteristics

6. TYPES of MAGMA Three types of Magma: 1. Basaltic 2. Andesitic
3. Rhyolitic
Type
Silica Content
Example Location
Basaltic
42-52%
Hawaiian Islands
Andesitic
52-66%
Cascade Mountains
Rhyolitic
More than 66%
Yellowstone National park

7. Classification of Igneous Rocks
Classification of igneous rock is based on mineral composition, crystal size, and texture.
Two Classifications of Igneous Rocks
Intrusive: when magma cools and crystalizes below the Earth’s surface
Extrusive: Magma that cools and crystalizes on Earth’s surface

8. Classification of Igneous Rocks
Texture:
Size
Shape
Distribution of the crystals or grains that make up the rock
Rhyolite is fine grained while granite is coarse grained
The difference in crystal size is because one is intrusive and the other extrusive
Rhyolite
Granite
Obsidian

9. Classification of Igneous Rocks
Crystal size and cooling rates
Cools quickly- small crystals
Example: rhyolite- extrusive
Cools slowly- larger crystals
Example: Granite- intrusive

10. Classification of Igneous Rocks
Rock textures provide information about rock’s formation.
Porphyritic Rocks: large, well formed crystals surrounded by finer grained crystals of the same mineral or different minerals
Vesicular Rocks: Magma contains dissolved gases. If lava is thick enough it traps the gases and holes called vesicles are formed
pumice

11. Igneous Rocks as Resources
Veins: a vein is a distinct sheet-like body of crystalized minerals within a rock. Veins form when minerals are deposited through precipitation.
Pegmatites: Ores (mineral that contains a valuable substance that can be mined for profit) of rare elements, such as lithium and beryllium.

12. Igneous Rocks as Resources
Kimberlites: minerals formed deep in the crust or in the mantle. Can only from under high pressure.
Example: Diamonds

13. Igneous Rocks as Resources
Igneous Rocks in Construction:
Interlocking grain texture makes them strong
Resistant to weather