1. What are three Roman architectural innovations?
Directions: Using The Annotated Arch pages 20-22, answer the following questions about Roman Architecture and the Pantheon. Start reading where is says “Rome: Concrete Achievements.”
What are three Roman architectural innovations?
What material did the Romans invent according to The Annotated Arch?
What three examples stated in this passage show that the Romans set the standard for civilization?
How did the arch revolutionize building construction? Support your answer with an example from the text?
Define a barrel vault.
The Pantheon was built by _____________. It still ____________. Its dome was ____________.
Why is the Pantheon a hybrid between Greek and Roman styles? In other words…What parts of this building are Greek? What parts are Roman?
How is the dome constructed?
What is the only source of light in this structure?
The Pantheon is said to be very pleasing to the eye because of its perfect proportions. Give an example of the Pantheon’s perfect proportion (include measurements).

2. Architecture: The Basics of Beautiful Design
Label your notebook paper!

3. Elements and Principles of Architecture: The Basics of Beautiful Design
What elements and principles of architecture do architects include in the design of structures?

4. Function
-original purpose of the building may change over time but the original purpose still dominates the design.
Joe Bologna's

5. Physical Context The area on which the building is constructed.
When considering the context of a building, you must also look at the environment.
Japanese School

6. Physical Context
Leaning Tower of Pisa

7. Cultural Context Todaji
time, place, and culture that influenced the building.
Todaji
Buddhist Temple
Nara, Japan
All wood construction

8. Media or Materials
-what the structure is made from

9. The Elements of Architecture

10. Line Where two parts come together Great Pyramid
On the picture provided, highlight the most important lines of the Great Pyramid using a marker.
Great Pyramid

11. Color interior or exterior Dome of the Rock
The Dome of the Rock uses lots of color. Why would lots of color be used on a building? How does it show the wealth and power of the individual or organization that built it?
Dome of the Rock

12. St. Paul’s Cathedral - aerial view
Shape/Form
outline if viewed from above - cruciform
Draw the shape of St. Paul’s Cathedral from an aerial view.
St. Paul’s Cathedral - aerial view

13. Guggenheim Museum, New York City
Texture
How it feels or looks
interior or exterior
If the Guggenheim Museum in NYC is made of painted concrete, why does this building have smooth texture?
Guggenheim Museum, New York City

14. The Principles of Architecture
Pompediou Center

15. Space The area in and around a building Louvre
How do the images of the interior and exterior space of the Louvre show that this building was a palace for the King of France? Hint: Think about what important buildings are supposed to show.
Louvre

16. Balance Distribution of weight Eiffel Tower
Identify and explain the type of balance of the Eiffel Tower. In your explanation, support your answer with a description of this structure.
Eiffel Tower

17. Rhythm/Repetition/Pattern
Repeated use of an element
What elements and basic structures of architecture are repeated in Raphael’s Loggia to create rhythm and pattern?
Raphael’s Loggia

18. Emphasis Calling attention to one part Dome of the Rock
What basic architectural structure gets emphasis in the Dome of the Rock?
What element of architecture makes it possible for this structure to receive emphasis?
Dome of the Rock

19. differing elements create a focal point
Variety/Contrast
differing elements create a focal point
Pompidou Center

20. comparison of size of parts and size of the whole
Proportion
comparison of size of parts and size of the whole
This is an image of New York City from the 1920’s. How does the proportion of the buildings in this image support this fact? In other words, how does the proportion of 1920’s New York differ from the proportion of modern New York?

21. sized compared to people
Scale
sized compared to people
What is the scale of the man in the orange shirt to the column? What about the scale of Ms. G. to the Pantheon?
Pantheon - Rome

22. Unity Use of similar elements to tie the work together
Name all of the basic structures and elements of architecture found in the Leaning Tower of Pisa to create unity.
Leaning Tower of Pisa

23. Architecture Viewing Guide
The Pantheon

24. Architecture Viewing Guide
Title: Pantheon
Architect/Builder: Marcus Agrippa
Date:125 AD
Materials: Concrete, marble, granite
Function: temple then church; always a tourist attraction
Style: Roman Architecture
Location: Rome, Italy

25. Sketch Front View – 3 minutes
The Pantheon

26. Sketch Ariel View – 3 minutes

27. Sketch Interior View – 3 minutes

30. Oculus
29’ in
diameter

33. Example:
Architecture Viewing Guide

34. Exit Slip
1) Which of the following terms refers to “where two parts come together”?
Cantilever b. Entablature c. Line d. Colonnade
2) This term can be used on the outside or the inside of the building and it can help add emphasis and detail to a structure’s design.
Line b. Color c. Texture d. Buttress
3) How is contrast used in a building?
a. Through a gradual change in elements.
b. Through the repeated use of an element.
c. Through the use of differing elements.
4) The year is 5839 A.D. and archeologists have just re-discovered the Pantheon. All written records of this building have been destroyed, yet they have hired you to determine the cultural context of the building. Based on what you know about Roman architectural designs, structures, materials, and innovations, prove that this structure in Roman. Support your answer using three facts about the building.